Czechia
Czechia（捷克）
smmalu patas
Gaga kska Owcow ka Czechia, 49 45 N, 15 30 E ka gaga na nniqan. Kana ka knlbangan na o 78,867 sq km（hangan na o Tg116） (knlbanga dxgal o 77,247 sq km, knlbangan qsiya o 1,620 sq km). Kana ka sejiqun o niqan 10,644,842 hiyi. Gaga Prague ka pusu alang paru, jiyax 28 idas 10 ka jiyax skrayan klwaan. Manu ka dxgal Czechia ga wada sugan 54.80% ka dxgal qpahan, 34.40% ka dxgal bbuyu, rahuq dxgal do niqan 10.80% na.
Bukung klwaan ta sayang o kiya ka Miloš Zeman, pnaah hngkawas2013 idas 3 jiyax 8pnrajing kmlawa klwaan.
cinkhulan sa knita’ sa brbiru’
Risu(歷史)
smmalu patasPptasun na: Risu nCeko daka Posimiya
smmalu patasMneniq cyosuci-wunhwa ma sinsuci-wunhwa ka dheran nCeko nii, dseediq plaale meyah meniq hini nii we, so hari uka riyung pngluban na Ceko nii; rrengo na kana mptpatis risu nii we, bale ba pusu rudan nCeko nii si we, berah tntingan Yesu ka 6 suci meyah meniq hini. Pnrdingan na 9 suci ka mneyah pheyu Posimiya-wangkwo nii ge, yaani maha dheya si berah nCeko saya.
15 suci, tencucyaw ka tnlutuc na Hapusupaw meyah meniq Posimiya hini, ani si sseediq Posimiya ciida we snhei husucyaw. Knkawas 1555, cincu na Hapusupaw paha patis Awkosupaw congcyawhoye, biqan na kuxul daha snhiyan. Knkawas 1618, ado muhin pstama tencucyaw ka Hwetinan-arsu, mekux pstotuy mccebu 30 knkawas kana ka sincaw-kwo daka tencucyaw-kwo Owco.
Knkawas 1918, mhedu ka tgkingal pnccbuwan seediq bobo dheran, wada mrqeraq ka Awsyong-tikwo di, wada murux naq kingal kwocya ka Ceko tnqapah Awsyong-tikwo di. msdangi naq paru peeyah cbeyo ka Ceko daka Surohwako peni, knkawas 1918 idas 10 ali 28 dige, wada msuupu pheyu Ceko-Surohwako konghokwo di.
Bobo na Munihe-seting, wada ngalan naswe-Tokwo ka Ceko, pheyu Posimiya ma Moraweya pawhukwo, ririh so pnunin-gyo na naswe-Tokwo ka Surohwako, pqhedu arcan ka knkawas 1945 di we, wada ngalan Suren ka Ceko daka Surohwako di, bobo arcan de, pheyu kongcan-cungcwen Ceko-Surohwako sohwe-cuyi konghokwo di.
Knkawas 1948 idas 2, prading oda qqlhangan yitang-cwancung ka Ceko-Surohwako kongcantang. Tiyisuci nkongcantang ka Antongnin. Nowotini daka congsuci na ka kesun Kusutahu.husako peni, bsiyaq riyung qmlahang Ceko-Surohwako nii.
Knkawas 1968, ptutuy kesun mingcu-kayko ka Prako-cucung ka Ceko-Surohwako, ani si mhiti na bale de, wada yahun miriq supi nSuren ma tnqpuruh nHwaye ka Poranzunming konghokwo, Syongyari-zunming konghokwo ma Tongto, ma, wada mtlebu. Betaq ba knkawas 1989 idas 11 ka Tongow mingcuhwa de, spooda daha kesun Tenozong-koming ka Ceko-Surohwako nii ma, qulung ba dekuh mangal mingcu-kayko, prading moda tocungtang-mingcu-yihwecu.
Mswaye Surohwako
smmalu patasKnkawas 1993 idas 1 ali 1, Ceko daka Surohwako nii de, wada tsaanak ma mtdaha kwocya tmburux di, tnburux nanaq de saangal daha naq idas 10 ali 28 ka smseman pnhyegan kwocya daha. Knkawas ciida ka idas 1 ali 19, qpuro renhokwo ka dheya duri di.
Knkawas 1999 ka mosa tuumal Peye ka Ceko, knkawas 2004 ka mosa tuumal Owmong ma, tnqpuruh Owmong ka dheya duri. Knkawas 2007 idas 12 ali 21 de tnqpuruh Sunkun-kongye kwocya ka dheya duri.
Singcung cihwa (行政區劃 )
smmalu patasKingal ka cusyasu-soyu(hlavní město) nCeko ma, 13 cow(kraje，mburux naq we kraj kesun daha), so nii ka hei seediq na knkawas 2010:
Purako(sotu), 1,251,072 hei ka seediq na
Ckceka Posimiya cow, 1,256,850 hei ka seediq na
Hunac Posimiya cow, 637,723 hei ka seediq na
Piarsun cow, 571,831 hei ka seediq na
Karowehwari cow, 307,380 hei ka seediq na
Rapehopan-usuci cow, 835,814 hei ka seediq na
Riperecu cow, 439,458 hei ka seediq na
Horatocu-korarowe cow, 554,370 hei ka seediq na
Paartupicay cow, 516,777 hei ka seediq na
Wesocina cow, 514,805
Nanmoraweya cow, 1,152,819
Awromucu cow, 641,555
Curing cow, 590,527
Moraweya-ciriciya cow,.1,244,837
Cungcu(政治)
smmalu patasDmoi totang-yihwecu ka Ceko nii, congri ka pdudul daha. Ceko yihwe we ryanyencu, niqan congyiyen(200 hei) daka canyiyen(81 hei).
Congtong snpuwan gmao pheyu kwohwe we, rima knkawas meniq tloongan congtong ma, lmutuc texal ba tloong tlooangan na congtong. Ani ksesun congtong we, uxe heya ka ga dmoi kana beyax qqlahang alang, asi ka moda psruwa kwohwe ka ddaun na, ani si uka na ba bbrahan dige leban na ka kwohwe. Congtong ka psgao congri ma neko-koyen. Peeyah knkawas 2013 idas 1, prading cusen ka pheyu congtong daha di.
Centang daha bale we, niqan penyo ka kongming mingcutang ma, penco ka cekosohwe mingcutang, niqan ka ceko-moraweya kongcangtang, citucyaw. mingcuremong-cekosurohwako zunmingtang ma, ritang dnii.
Knkawas 2013 ali 1, mnugaya cusen congtong, Miroci.coman we 54.8% ka nngalan na kipu bntaqan seediq, kika heya wada mangal congtong bnrahan.
Tiri(地理)
smmalu patasAlang Ceko nii we ga meniq ba ckceka dheran Owco, sepac alang ak ga msdayak alang Ceko nii, daya na we Poran, quri daya na ggqiyan hido we Tokwo, hunac na we Awtiri ma, Surohwako ka daya na quri hhreyan. Dheran alang nCeko nii we, ga mangal dheran Awsyong tikwo cbeyo ka Posimiya daka Moraweya, ma, ga mangal dheran tikuh nSirisiya.
Purako ka sotu na ma alang na paru bale, malu riyung qtaan ka ssipo na yayung huartawa.
Dheran nCeko nii we, dheran so sikaku ma, mgbaro hari ka teru deriq na, dheran quri hhreyan na hido we lmiqu Koarpacen. Egu riyung yyayung, yayung na ba paru we yayaung Huartata daka yayung Morawa.
So mmuuxun ka karac na, muyu hari karac na dheran gheti. Mtturix de rbagan, msekuy mthada de misan. odas 7 ka mtilux na bale ma, idas 1 ka msekuy na riyung.
Breenux nPurako hii we 451～600 mm ka qnyexan na. quri llmiqu we 1201～1500 mm, spuun qmita ka karac na we 20℃ ka idas 7，0℃ ka idas 1.
Zunko(人口)
smmalu patas1,054 wan kana hei seediq nCeko. Sqita ta snpegan daha knkawas 2011 we, seediq na Ceko nii ge seediq naq Ceko(63.7%), bobo na di we seediq Moraweya(4.9%), seediq Surohwako(1.4%), seediq Poran(0.4%), seediq Tokwo(0.2%) ma seediq Sirisiya(0.1%). Anu “ patis nualang” we gneegan naq txtaxa, kika egu riyung ka seeiq ini patis.
Sqita ta snpegan psepu hei seediq daha peni, knkawas 2013 idas 9, seediq mneyah alang icil we 427,581 hei,truma na we seediq Ukoran ka egu bale(106,714), seediq nPoran（19,378 hei）、seediq nTokwo（18,099 hei）、seedqi nPawcyariya（8,837 hei）、seediq nDame（6,695 hei）、seediq nRomaniya（6,425 hei）、seediq nMoartowa（5,860 hei）、seediq nTelu（5,427 hei）、seediq nIngkwo（5,413 hei）、seediq nMongku（5,308 hei）、seediq nHasako（4,850 hei）、seediq nPayorosu（4,562 hei).
Cingci (經濟)
smmalu patasSmmalu so kikayi ka gntngayan daha, hwakong, yecin, hwangcu, smmalu sapic, smmalu snalu qhuni, smmalu rusuq ma smmalu sino dnii ka kongye daha.
Knkawas 2006 di we, wada hii psaan kesun yikayhwa-kwocya na suce-inghang. Meniq so tongow kwocya ka Ceko niiwe, paru ba kesun zunrehwacan-cusu na.
Brigan na dOwmong cunyen ka snlmeyan na ani maanu, Tokwo ka stngayan bale. Alang Ceko nii saya dige, ga suyohwa hari ka kana cingci daha di, so ka inghang ma tensinye peni. Saya duri we, ga cihwa suyohwa nunyenya daha ma cicang nPurako. Sqita ta ka ntyawca na cinci-sehwe daha knkawas 2009 we, naka rmabang egu ka cuyohwa na cinci-pumun na mesa ka cingci-secya daha.
Knkawas 2007 idas 12 ali 21 ciida de, wada tuumal Sunkun-kongye cunyenkwo ka Ceko nii, wada na hii sraguh ka nleban na ayus alang na. Uxe cunye Owyenci saya ka Ceko nii dungan, ga ini slngelung mmaha tuumal Owyenci saya han.
Wunhwa (文化)
smmalu patas“Yocu” (Kolya，kingal hnlidan we: Kuxul ba ka Purako，knkawas 1996) : ega nii ka nngalan na ngayan ka mstama laqi Swerako(Svěrák) nii, seediq paru ngayan psega Ceko ka dheya, mnangan Awsuka cwecya-wayyipen, ma, mnangan tgmngari Tongcing teningce tacyan duri. Pnsuega na kiya we, ga rmengo ndaan kingal rudan daka laqi, mingin mccebu ciida we maanu ka pnugluban ta ita seediq muudus bobo dheran hini, ma maanu ka knseediq ta.
Yuntong (運動)
smmalu patasCucyo daka pingcyo ka kuxul riyung na seediq Ceko, egu bale ka seediq mqita kana daha yuntong nii ka Ceko hii, kiya duri we, egu ka seediq smxuxul wangcyo duri. Cucyo ka tgkingal kxilun daha riyung, egu bale ka suceci cucyo cising daha, kika mnangal Ocow cucyo sensung ka Pawear.netoweto dnii, saya we munsun Ceho ka tnyanun daha bale. Mkrkere ma mshuwe ba ka bbetun na cucyo ka kwocya cucyotwe nCeko nii, ririh so bbetun cucyo nCeko nii ka stqita bbetun cucyp Tongow.
Congcyaw(宗教)
smmalu patasCeko konghokwo nii we, seediq ndheya kingal ka ango bale snhei kesun utuutux bobo dheran nii, maha 75％ betaq 79％ ka seediq Ceko nii uka snhiyan, seediq daha uka snhiyan we tikuh ba Conghwa zunmin konghokwo daka Tanah Tunux. Sqita pnpegan knkawas 2001 dige, 59％ ka seediq uka snhiyan, 26,8％ ge snhei Roma tencucyaw,2,5％ ka snhei Singcaw. Sqita snpegan knkawas 2005 we, 30％ ka seediq Ceko ini snhei Utux Baro ma utux qcahun. 50％ ka seediq snhei niqan beyax uka qqtaan,19％ ba ka snhei niqan Utux Baro,egu hari 16％ na Aysaniya.
Spooda ta qmita zunko puca knkawas 2011 dige, 34％ ka seediq mesa uka snhiyan, 10,3％ ka tencucyawtu, 0,8％ ka singcyaw cyawtu(0.5％ ge Cekohuingpay tisyanghwe,0.4％ ge Husupay), 9％ ka snhei utuutux icil. 45％ ka ini ciyuk so snhiyan daha. Kndalax knkawas 1991 betaq knkawas 2001 ma, betaq knkawas 2011 de, meniq ka seediq snhei Tencucaw we, wada peeyah 39％ meerih 27％, bobo na dungan we meerih betaq 10％; Singsyawtu duri we mntena naq peeyah 3,7％meerih dehuk 2％,kika meerih betaq 0,8％ dungan.
Rrmigo(旅遊)
smmalu patasRrmigo nii peni na, lekuh ba ppyahan daha pila Ceko nii. Knkawas 2001, pila pnyahan daha rrmigo nii we, 1181.3 yi pila korang nCeko, 5,5％ ka kwoming sungcan mawo daha. Seediq ga qmeepah rrmigo nii we, hmrinas 11 wan hei, 1％ ka kana seediq nCeko. Ga meerih hari ka seediq meeyah rmigo Purako, ye ba hweri korang pila nCeko nii ka pusu na, sgcuqi mkere ssliqan pila mesa lmngelung ka seediq prigo. Sgcuqi mkere ka bbrigan Ceko nii ma, niqan pgeeguy duri ka kcugun dseediq prigo. Knkawas 2005, sucang Purako ka Pavel Bém ge, mbeyax ba qmeraq pgeeguy pkmalu ngyan Purako. Ani so nii we, pssengun alang icil de ancen ka Purako nii, ani mkkesa mnkuung keeman we uka pgeeluk ka Purako, kii naq ini keegu ka hwancweri na Ceko nii.
Egu ka pnhyegan daha riyoye congsin ka Purako. Alang Purako cbeya ka Purakocun ge, ririh so rhengun seediq mmaha rmigo Purako nii. Duma laalang daha duri we egu ka seediq mosa rmigo duri. So ka Karowehwari, alsng qheding Mariya ma, alang qheding Forangciseko, kuxul bale mosa tucya seediq prigo. Duma ssaan rmigo we egu ka cunpaw duri, kana ka Kaarsutoing cungpaw, Cekokorumuhu ma Raytonicay-waarcicay wunhwa cingkwan. So ka Posimita tentang(Bohemian Paradise), bbuyu Posimiya ma lmiqu Koarkonose dnii we, ga meniq dheran daha ucuicil, edu ka seediq mosa rmigo hiya duri.
Sino daha Piarsun picyo we, pnsino alang daha kesun Piarsun, alang daha ga quri hunac ka Paywe ge, kiya ka pnyahan Paywe picyo.
Alang daha biciq ka kesun Cekokorumuhu we, suceyican ka kiya.
Sapah paru ka AZ we, sapah pnhyegan tgkingal knpruwan nCeko ka kiya.