Kosovo
Gaga kska Owcow ka Kosovo, 42 35 N, 21 00 E ka gaga na nniqan.
Kana ka knlbangan na o 10,887 sq km(hangan na o Tg169)(knlbanga dxgal o 10,887 sq km, knlbangan qsiya o 0 sq km).
Kana ka sejiqun o niqan 1,883,018 hiyi.
Gaga Pristina ka pusu alang paru, jiyax 17 idas 2 ka jiyax skrayan klwaan.
Manu ka dxgal Kosovo ga wada sugan 52.80% ka dxgal qpahan, 41.70% ka dxgal bbuyu, rahuq dxgal do niqan 5.50% na.
Bukung klwaan ta sayang o kiya ka Hashim Thaçi, pnaah hngkawas2016 idas 4 jiyax 7pnrajing kmlawa klwaan.
cinkhulan sa knita’ sa brbiru’
Kosovo(科索沃)
smmalu patasKosovo konghekwo slxan splawa Kosovo, qnlhangan kingal prngawan pusu biyax nniqan mi niqan snpngan qnlhangan smruwa, wa mniq Oco tunarac hunac Paarkan pantaw, mniq kngkawas 2008 cida murux nanaq pusa kari dukuricu. Ana so smruwa seyhu pnuna dha seyngkyo ka Sayarweyya, binaw smruwa nniqan dha hiya pa na kingal Sayarweyya na ddha cucusng (Kosovo mi Meytosiya cucusng).
Kndadax kngkawas 1999 na babaw mnhdu mccbu Kosovo daw, wana hangan nanaq ka na quri Sayarweyya, balay bay pa nniqan dmurun qmlahang Ryeynhekwo, spuda Ryeynhekwo Kosovo rinji singcng tangcyu tpaytwan rinji qmlahang. Iyax kngkawas 1990 dhuq kngkawas 1999 cida, tnualang hiya Aarpaniya joku u splawa dha “Kosovo konghekwo” ka Kosovo, binaw cida pa wana murux bay qnlhangan Aarpaniya ka smruwa sndhu.
Ddaun quri Kosovo pa ida nanaq ini ndwani muda mndungus bay pprngaw, Aarpaniya joku pa mdhu bay lnglungan meysa mpdukuricu, binaw quri Sayarweyya u meysa mndungus bay tndxral. Txtaxa u wada mniq kngkawas 2006 idas 2 diyax 20 prading daw muda pprngaw ddaun Kosovo. Wada dmuwi dha kngkawas pprngaw mi msluluy, Kosovo u mniq kngkawas 2008 idas 2 diyax 17 wada mnhdu muda pprngaw pnkla kari dukuricu, pkla kari mlatac Sayarweyya, saya pa niqan 93 qnlhangan Ryeynhekwo kaying ka smruwan psdhu. Seyhu Sayarweyya u wada pkla kari uxay bay palax pusu biyax Kosovo, psramal muda knou bay pqraqil dhiya, binaw wada pusa kari uxay bay mpduwi biyax mpcbu Kosovo mi mdakar dhiya dukuricu. Kngkawas 2010 idas 7 diyax 22, rmngaw ka Kwoci Hoing u pusa kari ka Kosovo mlatac Sayarweyya dukuricu pa, ini sliq pnwaya kwocihwa.
Ris(歷史)
smmalu patasKcka seyki
smmalu patasCbiyaw bay han pa nniqan sediq Iririya mi sediq Sereys ka Kosovo, thiti mniq kongyeyn tu1 seyki daw wada mnRoma tikwo da. Puting hiti kongyeyn 6 seyki; pnrdingan kongyeyn 7 seyki cida, sediq cbiyaw Srahu (kiya ka Sayarweyya joku mi Macitun joku saya nab rah balay) prading kndadax tudaya mquri nniqan dha saya thdil, kiya mi mquri tuhunac knrmux dhuq nniqan Aarpaniya mi Sira saya (Aaarpaniya mi Sira ddha qnlhangan niyi pa uxay qnlhangan Srahu, kiya mi sediq Srahu pa alaw wada thdil ka minkoku mi wada msupu uri da mi, wada mlih uri ka tndxral).
Ini hari kklayi ka pusu bay pnyahan Aarpaniya minjoku, qnita dha saya pa ngalan dha llutuc sediq Iririya ka Aarpaniya joku, niqn knkla rikisi Aarpaniya pa sediq Iririya u mniq kongyeyn 6 seyki cida daw tna wada mnsupu sediq Srahu thdil mi lwaqn dha dhuq nniqan Aarpaniya saya, kiya mi spuda pusu hangan ddxral nniqan hiya ka muda ptura, qnita dha pa bsiyaq bay mniq nniqan hiya ka Aarpaniya joku, binaw patas rikisi Paycanting tikwo u mniq kngkawas 1043 pa hana niqan “Aarpaniya joku” dmurun heytay tnbrxan dhuq tukcka qnlhangan Aarpaniya saya, kiya mi niqan ka niqan knkla sediq tmkarac Sayarweyya pa ngalan dha kndadax knthyaqan bay tnayus Tukcka Narac mi Oco na tudu dwiyaq Kawcyaso ka Aarpaniya joku.
Cid aka Kosovo pa wa mniq tnayus qlhangan Paycanting tikwo mi nniqan tnhdilan sediq Srahu. Kngkawas 1014 brah na cida pa qlhangan sediq Pawcyariya ka Kosovo, kawas cida u wada tbrinah tumal Paycanting dungan ka Kosovo. Puting hiti 12 seyki dhuq kngkawas 1216 cida, wada ngalun tudaya na Kosovo Nimanya wangcaw ka Kosovo.
Nimanya wangcaw pa kiya ka brah na Sayarweyya saya, Kosovo ka pusu bay seyji mi keyjay Nimanya wangcaw cida, wangcaw niyi pa ngalan dha soto cida ka Puritina. Binaw pnspuwan na minjoku Nimanya wangcaw pa pprngawan niqan knkla na rikisi saya, niqan knkla Sayarweyya joku ka qnita dha pa cbiyaw bay cida u pusu na bay mnniq hiya ka sediq Srahu, binaw qnita dha niqan knkla na Aarpaniya joku pa cbiyaw bay cida knama bay mnniq Kosovo ka sediq Aarpaniya.
Etuman tikwo cida
smmalu patasTukcka 14 seyki, wada ini kbiyax ka Nimanya wangcaw, cida u prading knrmux ka Etuman tikwo, kiya mi kngkawas 1389 na Mccbu Kosovo kcka cida u wada ini baka ka sediq Sayarweyya (balay bay ndanan na mccbu cida u ana beytaq saya pa niqan pprngawan dha niya na). Babaw na hiya daw wada kndudul na Etuman tikwo ka Kosovo da.
Mniq qlhangan Etuman cida, wada kndudul mnMusrin ka Kosovo, kiya uri u sediq Aarpaniya pa wada kndudul miyah pcriyu duma nniqan Kosovo, niqan duma ka niqan knkla Sayarweyya pa qnita dha u dhiya niyi u to bay pniyah Aarpaniya thdil kana, binaw niqan uri ka qnita dha niqan knkla u cida pa mniq nniqan Meytosisiya u niqan sediq Aarpaniya ka mnniq hiya da.
Jitay Saya
smmalu patasKosovo hiti bay cida mniq kngkawas 1912, tumntxan Mccbu Paarkan mnhdu cida u Etuman tikwo ka wada dha subway Sayarweyya ka Kosovo. Bukuy daw Sayarweyya u kngkawas 1918 cida wada tumal wangkwo sediq Sayarweyya, sediq Koroaysiya mi sediq Sroweyniya (kiya ka hiti na Nansrahu wangkwo). Tumndha mccbu kana mtqiri klwanan iyax cida, cosinkwo ka wada mangal Nansrahu, wada pspuwan qnlhangan Itari na Aarpaniya ka Kosovo. Mccbu iyax na cida, hbaraw bay Sayarweyya joku ka wada lwaqan ucwang Aarpaniya joku peyyah Kosovo.
Mnhdu mccbu daw, wada mquri Nansrahu Dungan ka Kosovo, wada phyuwan cucucyu Sayarweyya Tito cngcweyn ka Kosovo (bukuy daw wada knpriyux cucusng dungan), kiya mi wada dha subway tihwang cucu ka Aarpaniya joku, qnita tnualang Saarweya joku pa uuda minjoku cngce Kosovo u balay bay wisu tmraqil qmita Sayarweyya joku.
Kngkawas 1989, muda kongto snburah keyngpo ka Sayarweyya, wada knbeyhing bay mlih biyax cucu Kosovo mi Hoihutina ddha cucusng. Mbiyax bay knciyuk ka sediq Aarpaniya, kiya u hmtur babaw muda seyngkyo gikay ka Kosovo. Hiti daw wada pusa kari phiyu dukuricu na Kosovo konghekwo ka Aarpaniya joku, dhiya nanaq ka muda seyngkyo, kiya ka cida uri u dhiya nanaq muda phiyu byoing, sapah pyasan, pradiyi uri. Kiya mi Nasrahu pa peyyah cida u prading mrhlah uri da.
Babaw mccbu Pohe daw, prading pssli sediq Sayarweyya thdil mquri Kosovo ka Sayarweyya, wada ini bay qqaras ka sediq Aarpaniya. Kcka kngkkawas 1990, Aarpaniya joku pa spuda yocican muda mcbu heytay mi bukung mi pnhiyu ssapah. Kngkawas 1998 idas 3, Tuhunac Ryeynmong butay u prading dmayaw keysacu Sayarweyya, muda knbeyhing bay cyunsu singtong. Mniq mkpiya idas cida, niqan 20 knbkiyan sediq Aarpaniya joku pa mniq kcka Tuhunac rywynmong cyunsu singtong wada uka ssapah mi nniqan dha, wada mtnuda mqraqil sediq. Qnita kana Aarpaniya joku mi quri Tuiwil pa so niyi u Tuhunac Ryeynmong muda sminaw minjoku cngce ka snrdingan niya, qnita dha pa mpdudul na Sayarweyya Miroseweyci cida pa smatang na rmirih Aarpaniya ka Sayarweyya joku mi knpriyux pusu bay minjoku Kosovo. Cida uri pa niqan hmrinas ppiya knbkiyan knhbrawan sediq uxay Aarpaniya joku uri (kiya knkana sediq Sayarweyya, sediq Romu joku uri) wada mtnuda mqraqil sediq. Kngkawas 1999 idas 3 diyax 24, Tudaya Tasiyang Kongyey Cucu prading cnbu bakudang Sayarweyya. Rmngaw ka Peyyey u pusu sntangan mccbu pa alaw iyux psbalay mtnuda Mqraqil sediq Aarpaniya joku malu snbrinah alang dha dungan, binaw mccbu u wada pqduriq 10 knbkiyan sediq Aarpaniya joku mi sediq Sayarweyya joku mlatac nniqan dha alang. Babaw mnhdu mccbu daw, hbaraw bay sediq Aarpaniya joku u tbrinah miyah alang nniqan dha Dungan, binaw hbaraw bay tnuda mqraqil sediq Sayarweyya joku pa ini sruwa tbrinah alang Kosovo.
Mnhdu mccbu daw, knpriyux Peyyey ka qmlahang Kosovo, hiti daw wada sbuway Peyyey pqlahang Ryeynhekwo ka biyax mqlahang. Duma qnlhangan Tuiwil so Amirika u dmkuh Kosovo dukuricu phiyu qnlhangan, soto Amirika Pusi pa mniq kngkawas 2007 homung Aarpaniya cida u wada pkla so niyi kari; binaw Orosiya mi Sayarweyya u ini sruwa kiya. Congri Kosovo Hasin Taci pa mniq kngkawas 2008 idas 2 diyax 17, pusa kari Kosovo umlatac Sayarweyya dukuricu, kiya mi spuda kokoingkay wada muda smruwa pnsdhuwan kari dukuricu. Kiya mi, seyhu Sayarweyya u wada pkla kari uxay bay palax pusu biyax Kosovo, psramal muda knou bay pqraqil dhiya, binaw wada pusa kari uxay Sayarweyya ka Orosiya pa ini bay sruwan dukuricu Kosovo uri. Ryeynhekwo u alaw uuda niyi muda mtbiyax mssli Anjeyng Rijikay pprngaw, binaw ini pskingal ka kari pnrngawan dha.
Tiri(地理)
smmalu patasTunarac mi tudaya Kosovo ka Sayarweyya msngari nniqan niya, tuhunac u msdalih tudaya Macitun konghekwo, dqras tuiwil hunac ka Aarpaniya konghekwo, tuiwil daya ka Mongtneykro. Knbeyhing bay alang mkbrnux ka sotu Puristina. Nniqan Meytosiya pa tmiyu tubaraw brnux mi dxral truma tuiwil Kosovo, kiya ka knkana Peyci Puricrun daalang mkbrnux, sduril dungus na Kosovo pa tmiyu nniqan tunarac na Kosovo, kiya ka knkana Puristina, Urosewac na daalang mkbrnux.
Tndxral Kosovo pa 10887 pinghwan km (4,203 pinghwang ingri), dalih 200 knbkiyan hiyi sediq. Tubeyhing bay alang mkbrnux ka sohu Puristina, knhbrawan hiyi sediq u 60 knbkiyan; tuiwil hunac alang mkbrnux Puricrun knhbrawan hiyi sediq u ya bay 16 knbkiyan 50 kbkuy hiyi, knhbrawan hiyi sediq Peyci u ya bay 15 knbkiyan 40 kbkuy hiyi, kiya mi tudaya hiyi sediq pa ya bay 11 knbkiyan hiyi, msngari 5 alang mkbrnux kbhbrawan hiyi sediq u hmrinas 9 knbkiyan 70 kbkuy hiyi.
Kosovo u ptura bay kkarac tarusing, muxul ka rbawan, mskuy mi kari huda ka misan.
Cngc(政治)
smmalu patasKosovo pa pwaya ou tang, pwaya gikay, pwaya taygi mincu na konghekwo, soto ka yeynso qnlhangan, pusu dmudul seyhu ka congri. Biyax sndhu singcng mi smalu waya pa psnakan neyke mi gikay ka muda niya.
Seyji ini dukuricu cida han ka Kosowo
Kngkawas 2008 brah cida han pa, hangan Kosovo u na Sayarweyya cucu sng, balay bay pa spuda Ryeynhekwo Kosovo Rinji Singcng Tangcyu Tpaytwan (UNMIK) ka qmlahang han. Wada phiyu gikay, seyhu, kiya mi soto. Smnalu na Ryeynhekwo Kosovo Rinji Singcng Tangcyu Tpaytwan ka passport, nibunso, paya rulu pa wana duma qnlhangan ka smruwa, jyuso Kosovo u wana duma qnlhangan ka smruwa uri, Wankwo yocng ryeynmong u dmurun kari spatas mquri Kosovo ka patas dnurun pa naka spatas “Kosovo (UNMIK)” ka bnatas jiyi.
Mniq kcka kwoci pa ida dha sqita na Sayarweyya ka Kosovo. Mniq kngkawas 2005 muda pprngaw kari, binaw Aarpaniya joku mi Sayarweyya joku ddha niyi pa ini ppangal kari, pprngaw kari pa balay bay niqan mqriqu niya. Sediq Aarpaniya joku u ini sruwa dmuwi pusu biyax Kosovo ka Sayarweyya, qnita dha pa qmlahang Kosovo ka Sayarweyya u uxay snbeyhing qmita qnbliqan sediq Aarpaniya joku. Kiya mi quri Sayarweyya u ngalan dha tndxral kndadax cbiyaw ka Kosovo, uxay dha srwanun dukuricu ka Kosovo. Shlbnun bay syakay kwoci, ndanan dukuricu Kosovo u musa snpusal rmading mccbu ckcka Posniya mi Hkeweyna. Qnita dha cida na uuda snbalay pa: ida nanaq so niyi saya, subway Omong qmlahang ka Kosovo.
Congri Kosovo Taci u mniq kngkawas 2008 idas 2 diyax 17 cida pusa kari kndadax Sayarweyya dukuricu. Wada dukuricu ka Kosovo daw, biyax na Ryeynhekwo Kosovo Rinji Singcng Tangcyu Tpaytwan u wada knbeyhing bay mlih. Kiya mi babaw dukuricu ka Kosovo daw, llutuc sediq Sayarweyya u phiyu nanaq gikay dha.
Dukuricu ka Kosovo
Congri Kosovo cida han ka Hasin Taci (soto Kosovo saya) mniq kngkawas 2008 idas 2 diyax 17 pusa kari balay bay mlatac peyyah tnkari Kosovo cucusng Sayarweyya dukuricu. Mniq gikay pssli tukubeycu kaygi, spuda giying meytaq xyo pudadukuricu Kosovo dukuricu, muru sngtangan sediq qnlhangan, “mnkingal dukuricu, niqan pusu biyax mi qnlhangan mincu”. Ndanan kaygi cida u pdan treybi pqita kana sediq, spuda bukung muda pkla smpu kari pnsdhuwan dukuricu, gicyo Jakup Krasniqi ka pusa kari dukuricu, bukuy daw giying ka lmutuc muda meytaq xyo smdhu splawa qnlhangan mi maku qnlhangan. Qnlhangan splawa pa ptura knkana lipax tndxral Kosovo mniq kcka juga, malan mntna splawa Omong ka tmkarac rakaw truma, kiya mi rmirih 6 minjoku Kosovo ka 6 qmuru 5 hungun pngerah, rmibaq Omong ka sntangan hiti Kosovo, kiya mi Puristina ka wada ngalan sotu Kosovo.
Waycyaw(外交 )
smmalu patasQuri ddaun waycyaw na Kosovo pa waycyawbu ka seykining. Waycyaw bucyo saya ka Hasin Taci. Msupu 87 qnlhangan muda balay bay psdhu pnluban waycyaw ka Kosovo, kiya mi smkaul 25 tasu mtmay 26 tasukwan. Mnniqan 110 ka Ryeynhekwo na qnlhangan smruwa Kosovo konghekwo, binaw spuda Sayarweyya na waycyaw yari dmi, wada mlih tikuh mi 93 qnlhangan ka smruwa, alaw Cyoka minkoku pa uxay Ryeynhekwo cngyeynkwo, so kiya u ini sruwa snrwanan Cyoka minkoku ka Kosovo. Cyoka jnmin konghekwo u pskingal bay lngelungan dmkuh Sayarweyya smdhu tndxral mi pusu biyax dha, ini sruwa Kosovo dukuricu. Kosovo saya pa mniq knou bay kwoci cucu niqan huyyeyn cuke, binaw uxay Ryeynhekwo cngyeynkwo niya na.
Singcng Cyuhwa(行政區劃)
smmalu patasMniq Sayarweyya pa wada dha psnakan 5 co ka Kosovo, kiya mi mniq Ryeynhekwo kaqmlahang cida u wada psnakan 7 co, dukuricu daw ida nanaq dmuwi pnsnakan Ryeynhekwo han.
Cingci(經濟)
smmalu patasOyeyn ka pnwaya ddiyun pila Kosovo. Kiya uri u Sayarweyya tinaar uri ka pnwaya ddiyun pila uri, binaw wana nniqan alang Sayarweya joku ka dmuwi.
Kngkawas 2017 cida pa knhbrawan hiyi sediq knkana qnlhangan u 180 knbkiyan, ya bay 20% na kndusan sediq u mqrinuc balay. Ini dukuricu brah na cida han u alaw Mccbu Kosovo wada dmudul bay thtur ka ssalu cicu knkana qnlhangan Kosovo, elu beyhing u to bay qnbsyaqan ini smluwi, binaw babaw dukuricu dhuq saya daw sediq Aarpaniya nanaq ka pusu dmudul knpriyux lxanan smluwan mi quri elu ppanan rulu, qnlhangan Kosovo say aka lxanan smluwan mi elu ppanan rulu pa mtna hari Sayarweyya ka knmalu niya, kiya mi wada tura bay knpriyux, kiya mi wada knmalu bay ka elu uri da, sediq mpriwaw mquri Kosovo rmiwaw pa musa malu bay uri da. Kiya u dukuricu brah cida han u suyeyryu pa dhuq 45% uri (kngkawas 2016 u wada mlih dhuq 27.5%), so kiya cida pa (ini dukuricu han) niqan ka sediq hmili ana so dukuricu ka Kosovo u, binaw balay bay na u ida sntama bay dnyawan keyjay knkingal qnlhangan icil.
Kngkawas 2018 idas 11 diyax 21, seyhu Kosovo pa alaw snramus Sayarweyya u tmraqil bay Kosovo mnchaya; kiya ka smruwa muda mangal jeyking kwanswey Sayarweyya 100%.
Cyawtung(交通)
smmalu patasElu beyhing ppanan rulu
Knkkawas niyi hari pa, mniq Kosovo u mnuda mndha mttilux bay smmalu pusu bay elu, kiya ka knkana smmalu burah elu, pusa maku qqtaun ppanan rulu, mhuma qqhuni mi quri so uuda ryuhwa. Kana bay pa niqan dha pusu bay elu ppanan rulu ka wada qduwan smmalu. R6 kawsukongru (kari Aarpaniya: Autostrada Arbën Xhaferi) ka kingal wisu smluwan na kawsukongru. Pnspuwan elu beyhing na Oco E65, kiya ka smnalu tnualang na tudha kawsukongru mi lmutuc Puristina sotu Kosovo mi tnuayus Macitun konghekwov Ayraychan, msthiyaq 20 km Skawpiyey.
Elu kawsukongru niyi pa pnrdingan smmalu kngkawas 2014 mi smatang mpqdu smmalu kngkawas 2018. R7 Kawsukongru (plwanan dha Iburasin Rukwa mptkarac uxay daw kari Aarpaniya: Autostrada Ibrahim Rugova) kiya ka kingal wa mniq Kosovo na kawsukongru. Pnspuwan Oco E851 elu beyhing pa, kiya ka muwaya bay kawsukongru Kosovo, lmutuc tmuayusv kngkawas 2010 idas 4, kiya mi wada qduwan smmalu kngkawas 2013. Vërmicë dhuq Puristina twan u mniq M9 elu beyhing hiya mhdu.
Elu niyi pa ngalan dha knbeyhing na bay Vërmicë-Merdare corang na kingal ratuc, corang niyi pa mhdu mniq tunarac Kosovo mi tnuayus dha Sayarweyya na Merdare. R7 u knkana knrbawan pa 101 km, kana hbangan wada sliqan u 7 oku Oyeyn uxay daw 7.9 oku pila Amirika. Elu beyhing niyi mi Aarpaniya A1 kawsukongru msupu daw, wada msdalih ka elu uusa Puristina dhuq Tirana mi 3 jikang bay ka diyax ppanan rulu uri da. Qulung bay mhdu smmalu ka elu beyhing E80 msngari niya twan Puristina dhuq Merdare, elu kawsukongru niyi pa kiya ka muda E80 elu beyhing saya lmutuc Kosovo mi Hwan O corang X (E75 elu beyhing) quri nniqan hiya na Sayarweyya alang mkbrnux Nise.
Elubeyhing Kosovo pa knbrawan niya u 1,926 km. Tu175 bnkuwan knkana mtqiri klwanan. Kcka na hiya u 1668 km ka elu wada ndwanan smapaw, miyah 258 km ka elu ini ndwani smapaw.
Ppanan skoki
smmalu patasTna mniq kngkawas 1936 Nansrahu Tayci hangkong kongsu Aeroput rmawah uuda Botuyeywo cicang ka ngalan congcwancan, kndadax Payarkre dhuq Skawpiyey na tingci hangpan, Kosovo na hangkong yunsu u kiya prading da. Niqan turu sanan trdu skoki ka Kosovo, Cyakweyca na Cyakweyca sanan trdu skoki, alang Tumose na Patelawa-Toniya Pntuha sanan trdu skoki mi Puristina kwocicicang.
Cyakweyca nanan trdu skoki u pnhiyu nbabaw Mccbu Kosovo; smnalu na Kosovo cuan weycu butay, ssiyaw dha cida u tna niqan sanan trdu skoki ddiyun pnpwalang, kiya mi pusu niya u wada sduwi ddiyun heytay mi jntaw cuyi cyoyeyn hangpan. Nniqan mi qnlhangan seyhu u keykaku mniq pnluban pnspuwan kong su u muda pstalang quri Cyakweyca sanan trdu skoki, pusu bay sntangan dha pa so musa ddiyun dsediq mi ddiyun sntuku hbangan na sanan trdu skoki. Puristina kwoci cicang u wa mniq Puristina, kiya ki murux bay kwoci cicang Kosovo, ppanan dsediq kngkawas pa hmrinas 175 knbkiyan hiyi sediq, kiya ka spuda tapa skoki mquri Kosovo ka mpriwaw sediq pa murux bay kingal uuda niya.
Kosovo pa niqan 10 knkana bay sanan trdu skoki. Kiya mi ndwanan smapaw elu tlangan ka 4 sanan trdu skoki: knbbaraw elu tlangan u 2,438 m dhuq 3,047 m ka 1; 1,524 m dhuq 2,437 m ka kingal; ini dhuq 914 m ka 2. Ini ndwani smapaw ka elu tlangan u 4: knbbaraw elu tlangan u 4: knbbaraw tlangan u ini dhuq 914 m ka 4; sanan trdu purupeyra ka 2.
Elu ppanan kisya
smmalu patasMuwaya bay elu ppanan kisya Kosovo ka tmnsa Tuarci mi dndulan Maurice de Hirsch mi smnalu na Compagnie des Chemins de Fer Orientaux(CO). Wada mnhdu mi smsung kngkawas 1873, pnrdingan Saysaroniki, mquri tudaya muda Skawpiyey dhuq Mitroweyca kngkawas 1873, pnrdingan Saysaroniki, mquri tudaya muda Skawpiyey dhuq Mitroweyca Tumntxan mccbu mtqiri klwanan brah cida, elu ppanan kisya niyi pa kngkawas 1918 dhuq 1992 cida u mn ppanan ksya Nansrahu ka qmlahang, mniq kngkawas 1999 daw Peyyey ka miyah tumal dmi hturan mpqlahang ka Sayarweyya da. Kngkawas 2008, elu ppanan kisya Sayarweyya u wada tbrnahun muway Kosovo ka duma elu ppanan kisya wa mniq tudaya Kosovo. Elu ppanan kisya Kosovo pa dmudul kcka qnlhangan Kosovo 430 km kbrawan na elu ppanan kisya, kcka na hiya u 333 km ka prmaxal ppanan sediq mi ppanan qqiya, 97 km ka elu ppanan kisya mapa qqiya. Uxay tyeyncihwa elu ppanan kisya wang ida bay muda lmihu Kosovopoaryey na Fushë Kosovë sanan trdu kisya na ddha elu ka pnspuwan. Kanseyng u kndadax Sayarweyya na Kraryeywo muda Mitroweyca mi Kosovo Paryey dhuq Macitun konghekwo sotu Skawpiyey, tunarac iwil knsanan ka cida seyng u kndadax Sayarweyya tuhunac na Nise muda Puristina trduwan kisya mi Kosovopoaryey psquri Peyci mi Puricrun mriq. Puristina dhuq Peyci mi Kosovopoaryey dhuq Macitun na ddaun elu u ida nanaq ppanan sediq kiya. Binaw msngari elu kisya wang na duma ddaun elu u mncun ka elu ppanan qqiya, mray so Kosovopoaryey-Awpirici; msngari elu ppanan kisya u ini dani dmuwi niya na. Bsiyaq kngkawas, mnlmutuc cida elu dhuq Puricrun lmihu ayus Aarpaniya lmutuc ppanan kisya Aarpaniya ka keykaku. Binaw quri so dniyi u wana nanaq thtur pprngawan ppatas nanaq.
Knrbawan kana elu ppanan kisya Kosovo u 430 km. Tnbkuwan tu115 ka kana mtqiri klwanan. Mndungus knlbangan elu kisya: 1.435 m knlbangan elu kisya.
Knhbrawan hiyi sediq(人口)
smmalu patasDhuq kngkawas 2008 dkricu ka Kosovo, sediq Aarpaniya mniq Kosovo ka knkana knhbrawan hiyi sediq pa hmrinas 90%. Kngkawas so niyi hari u, alaw mtdiyal ka ini pntna minjoku, knhbrawan bay minjoku ini khbawaq hiyi sediq (mray so Sayarweyya joku, Romu joku uri) mlatac Kosovo uxay daw minjoku ini khbaraw hiyi sediq pa mniq mccbu kcka dha nanaq cida u wada pkixan mpAarpaniya (Saarweyya jokuka pusu bay), Aarpaniya joku piri u kndudul bay mrana.
Spuda “Snpuwan Kosovo tongcicyu kngkawas 2000 knsbliqan kndusan tyawca” pqita, knhbrawan knkana hiyi sediq Kosovo u 197 knbkiyan, kcka na hiya pa:
- 88% ka sediq Aarpaniya(1,733,600)
- 7% ka sediq Sayarweyya(137,900)
- 1.9% ka sediq Posniyak(37,400)
- 1.7% ka Romu joku(33,500).
- 1% ka Tuarci joku(19,700).
Mkualang mkbrnux
smmalu patasKosovo pa pusu na bay u quri nniqan alang ppnwalang, wana 8 alang mkbrnux ka hmrinas 40,000 hiyi sediq mniq nniqan alang mkbrnux
Bnkuwan | Alang mkbrnux | Knhbrawan hiyi sediq | Bnkuwan | Alang mkbrnux | Knhbrawan hiyi sediq |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Puristina | 204,721 | 11 | Suwareyka | 59,681 |
2 | Puricrun | 186,986 | 12 | Awrahowac | 58,908 |
3 | Urosewac | 101,174 | 13 | Marisewo | 57,301 |
4 | Peyci | 97,890 | 14 | Ripuryeyn | 56,643 |
5 | Cyakweyca | 94,543 | 15 | Suarpica | 51,746 |
6 | Potuyeywo | 83,425 | 16 | Weytina | 46,742 |
7 | Mitroweyca | 80,623 | 17 | Taycani | 41,173 |
8 | Kniraney | 80,525 | 18 | Istok | 39,604 |
9 | Ucitear | 64,578 | 19 | Krina | 39,208 |
10 | Krokwac | 60,175 | 20 | Kosovopoaryey | 37,048 |
Snhiyan(宗教)
smmalu patasSpuda keyngpo Kosovo pa Kosovo u qnlhangan uka pnspuwan pusu snhiyan mi qnlhangan mbabaw dxral. Muda pnwaya mtrawah snhiyan mi mtrawah slhayan na qnlhangan sediq; spuda kngkawas 2011 muda smpu knhbrawan sediq, Kosovo u 95.6% knhbrawan sediq ka Musrin. Bnkuwan snpuwan niyi pa uxay sa mniq kcka qnlhangan Kosovo na txtaxa snlhayan, mray so Suhuy cuyi uxay daw Payktase kyodang, duma dsnlhaya niyi pa mncun mtmay knlwanan Isrankyo. 3.69% na sediq ka sinjya Teyskyo, mntna knhbrawan uxay daw hmrinas 5% ka snjiya Tongcngkyo (pusu na bay ka Tongcngkyo sediq Sayarweyya minjoku ini khbaraw sediq ka mmtur muda smpu knhbrawan hiyi sediq). Teynskyo na alang Aarpaniya u to bay mniq mssli Cyakweyca, Puricrun, Krina mi Peyci mi Weytina mi duma msdalih alang. Sayarweyya joku ini khbaraw minjoku pusu bay u sinjya na Sayarweyya Tongcngkyo. Kiristokyo mniq Kosovo pa niqan qnbsyaqan rikisi, malu slutuc dhuq Tunarac Roma ccida. Mniq kcka seyki, knkana Paarkapantaw u wisu qlhangan Roma tikwo mi Paycanting tikwo wada ddulan Kiristokyo. Kndadax kngkawas 1389 dhuq kngkawas 1912, Kosovo u mnEtuman tikwo, wada mkbeyhing bay dndulan Isran. Babaw mnhdu Tumndha mccbu mtqiri klwanan daw, Kosovo u spuda Nansrahu Sehuycuyi Ryeynpang Konghekwo kcka qnlhangan Ssusehuycuyi ka tangcyu qmlahang. Mniq iyax niyi cida, sediq Kosovo u kndudul ssuhwa. Beytaq kngkawas 2005 cida, niqan hmrinas 90% knhbrawan sediq ka niqan snhiyan Musrin, kcka niya pa Aarpaniya joku ka hbaraw, binaw niqan uri ka sediq Nasrahu (dhiya niyi pa pkla dhiya nanaq u sediq Kurani uxay daw sediq Posniya) mi sediq Tuarci. Spuda Kwoci Jntaw mi Runri Ryeynhehuy pusa kari kngkawas 2014 “lnglungan mtrawah” pkla kari, Kosovo u alaw “mtrawah mi sptna” kiya mi pquri snhiyan mi uka snhiyan na knrmnan, mniq tuhunac Oco u tu1 tnbkuwan niya, mniq mtqiri klwanan u tu9 tnbkuwan kiya.
Tiyu(體育)
smmalu patasKngkawas 2016, mway bay tumal Rbawan Orimpik undokay, mnniq Pasi Riyey Jeneyru ka Orimpik undokay cida. Mniq tu2 diyax pnsung cida (diyax Pasi u idas 8 diyax 7), Kosovo undoying mniq pnsung jodo qridin cnhdilan 52 koking mangal icibang, wada mangal mwaya bay snadu Orimpik mi mwaya bay snadu kingpay Orimpik.
Kosovo ka mniq kngkawas 2014 ka hana srwanan ptmay kayying kwoci Oweyhuy, kiyami spuda kngkawas 2013 mi kngkawas 2014 mndha mangal seykay cinpyawsay kwancyu ka Kamanti u mniq bnkuwan qridin 52 koking muda pnsung jodo lunyeyn , Kosovo Orimpik ingkay u wada mniq rikisi Orimpik tu100 mangal Orimpik undokay kingpay na qnlhangan uxay daw nniqan Oweyhuy.
Kngkawas 2016 idas 5 diyax 13, qnlhangan Kosovo mtur boru tuy u wada srwanan kwoci cucong. Mntna kngkawas idas 9 diyax 5, Kosovo qnlhangan mtur boru na mwaya bay pnsung sucyeypey cuksay, wada 1:1 sobu ka Sayarweyya mi Hunran.
Pnyahan pnatas(參考資料)
smmalu patas- CIA
- 外交部
- List of current heads of state and government
- Tnhjil kari seejiq Watan Diro (瓦旦 吉洛) mtabug