South Africa
South Africa（南非）
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Gaga kska Meycow ka South africa, 29 00 S, 24 00 E ka gaga na nniqan. Kana ka knlbangan na o 1,219,090 sq km（hangan na o Tg25） (knlbanga dxgal o 1,214,470 sq km, knlbangan qsiya o 4,620 sq km). Kana ka sejiqun o niqan 54,300,704 hiyi. Gaga Pretoria ka pusu alang paru, jiyax 27 idas 4 ka jiyax skrayan klwaan. Manu ka dxgal South africa ga wada sugan 79.40% ka dxgal qpahan, 7.60% ka dxgal bbuyu, rahuq dxgal do niqan 13% na.
Bukung klwaan ta sayang o kiya ka Jacob Zuma, pnaah hngkawas2009 idas 5 jiyax 9pnrajing kmlawa klwaan.
cinkhulan sa knita’ sa brbiru’
Tuhunac Afrika(南非)
smmalu patasTuhunac Afrika Konghkwo (Kari Tuhunac Afrika: Republiek van Suid-Afrika [rɛpɵˈblik fan səitˈafrikɑː], kari Ingkoku: Republic of South Africa),splawa dha Tuhunac Afrika (kari Tuhunac Afrika: Suid-Afrika [səitˈafrikɑː], kari Ingkoku: South Africa), wa mniq Afrika tuhunac balay, tuhunac u pnstrngan Tasiyang mi tuhunac Ucilung India na konghkwo. Knbeyhing tndxral Tuhunac Afrika pa hmrinas 122 knbkiyan pinghwang km,knbeyhing dxral mi knhbrawan hiyi sediq u tnbkuwan tu24 knkana qnlangan, quri so ‘Qnlhangan Kcka Qnlhangan’ Lesotho (1,106km knbbaraw ka ayus) mniq kcka dxral Tuhunac Afrika daw wada mkingal Kcka Mskaya Dxral.
Ri-s(歷史)
smmalu patasPusu tyawmu: Rikisi Tuhunac Afrika.
smmalu patas
Mcbiyaw balay sucyeyn kawkuswey(史前考古學)
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Tuhunac Afrika u niqan duma qnlangan babaw dxral knrudan balay kawku mi hwasu ssdiq hniti tuqar cbiyaw balay. Kawku sweycya u wada kndadax Hawtng Sng kcka knkingal bling sndiyal smku knou bay hwasu mi buc ssdiq cbiyaw. Pnsliyan Cyawkwen UN u wada dha ngalan Jaysang Hniti Qnlangan Tuhunac Afrika uri, splawa ‘Pusu Pnyahan Ssediq’. Kngkawas 1924, Raymond Dart u mniq Tuiwil Daya Sng kingal alang Taung sndiyal tu1 hwasu ssediq- Laqi Taung. Ya bay kndadax brah kongweyn 500 kngkawas cida, sediq San mniq Afrika tuhunac phiyu knkana umaduk lmamu mi spuda qqpahan tmabu tnbuwan ka pusu uuda keyjay. Dsediq San niyi so ka sediq mptabu tnbuwan niya pa splawa dha ‘Sediq Khoikhoi’ (Dungus niya u ‘Ssediq’), kiya u kcka tnpusu mniq tndxral hiya u splawa dha ‘Sediq Bushmen’ (Dungus niya ka ‘Sediq Lmiqu’). Spuda qnbsyaqan bay msturung mi pnspuwan dara daw, ddha minjoku niyi u wada msediq Khoisan.
Konghkwo(共和國)
smmalu patasKngkkawas 1960 prading, duma qnlhangan u prading tbrinah ini sruwa pnwaya psanak minjoku Tuhunac Afrika, binaw alaw muda pnwaya psanak mnjoku ka Tuhunac Afrika, kiya ka mnuda ‘Snklwiyan Pnskraya Keyjay’. Kiya u mniq kngkkawas 1960 dhuq kngkkawas 1970 jiday, malu muda pnsung qnlangan cida wada ini biyaw mrana na Nihong, wada dha splawa sa ‘Knbeyhing Sediq Keyjay Afrika’. Dhuq kngkkawas 1980 jiday, knbeyhing balay hmtur uuda u beytaq pkrana dhiq Pchuwan Kwoci mi wada malax tocu ka qnlhangan icil, kiya ka wada dndulan ka keyjay Tuhunac Afrika.
Mangosuthu Gatsha Buthelezi mi Hari Schwarz mniq kngkawas 1974 pbatas pnsdhuwan “Pnkla Kari Snhiyan Mahrabatini”, snbeyhing quri psblayaq rinji muda biyax mi mntna kana ka txtaxa sediq ka pusu niya, kiya Tuhunac Afrika mpdudul dha qalux sediq mi bhuway sediq muwaya bay tumn1 wada mnhdu pbatas quri pnsdhuwan niyi.
Kngkawas 1989 cida Frederik Willem de Klerk ka psdhuwan phiyu soto qnlhangan, wada plaxan ka pnwaya psanak minjoku kiya mi pdudul dukurici ka Tuiwil hunac Afrika. Kngkawas 1990 idas 2 diyax 9, Namibia u wada pbatas psdhu keyngpo dha mi snpeyyah qnlhangan Tuhunac Afrika dukuricu. Mntna kngkawas cida, wada pkla kari ka Tuhunac Afrika sliqun dha ka howuku dha, kiya mi tumal “Patas PnsdhuwanUxay Pkrana Howuci”.
Kngkawas 1994 idas 3 diyax 1, Tuhunac Afrika u wada dha subway Namibia ka Ppanan Asu Walvis mi Penguin Cyuntaw. Idas 4, Tuhunac Afrika u muwaya bay mntxan muda Ini psanak minjoku seyngkyo, uxay wana niyi, Tuhunac Afrika u wada snburah tumal Ta Ing kwoswey Dungan, kiya mi wada mtumal mnTuhunac Afrika Pkrana Kongtongti.
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Ti-ri(地理)
smmalu patasPusu tyawmu: Lnlingay dxral Tuhunac Afrika.
smmalu patasJuga dxral u pntura Tuhunac Afrika pusu balay nniqan lnlingay dxral dha. Mqalux kndux seyng ka kndadax pnspuwan Tubeyhing Doras tukcka tubaraw brnux tnayus, Tubeyhing Doras tubaraw dudux balay u dhuq hmrinas 3,000m. Tunarac mbanah seyng ka Tudu Dwiyaq Drakensberg,tudu dwiyaq niyi u kiya ka wada mtnayus Kwa Zulu-Natal Sng mi Lesotho. Uxay wana katu doras mi tudu ddwiyaq ka wada ptura bay tnayus, msngari mlngu bnatas ka dxral pa uka mndungus bay pnsnakan ayus. Kcka duma klaun dxral u niqan rncuhan rakaw, duma dxral u wana spuda hangan dha muda pkla.
Tuhunac Afrika u wa mniq tuhunac hungun balay Afrika, mkngahu ucilung seyng u muru tuhunac Tasiyang mi tuhunac Ucilung India lmutuc hmrinas 2,500km, kiya mi dxral qnlhangan u dhuq 1,219,912 pinghwang km. Spuda “Patas Kngkawas Knhbrawan Hiyi Sediq UN”, tnbkuwan qnlangan tu24 knbeyhing qnlhangan ka Tuhunac Afrika.
Kngkarac(氣候)
smmalu patasTuhunac Afrika u Mtilux Sspriq Brnux Kngkarac ka pusu. Tasiyang mi Ucilung India psanak kndadax tunarac, tuhunac, tuiwil tu3 pnyahan mtqiri Tuhunac Afrika, hniqan dxral u tudaya ka baraw mi tuhunac ka truma, kngkarac u kndadax tuiwil daya ka Nanobi Bnaqi Bbuyu, tuhunac ka Mtilux Balay Kndnguwan Dmka Kndnguwan Kngkarac dhuq tunarac ka Mtilux Hari Kngkarac. Misan u mniq kawas kawas idas 6 dhuq idas 8.
Sngwu Twoyangsing.(生物多樣性)
smmalu patasTuhunac Afrika mniq kngkawas 1994 idas 6 diyax 4 pbatas pnsdhuwan “Pnsdhuwan Sngwu twoyangsing”, wada pwaya mndungus patas pnsdhuwan Qnlhangan Sngwu Twoyangsing Canrwey mi Singtong Keykaku. Mniq qnlangan u 17 ka kcka Cawci Sngwu Twoyangsing Qnlhangan Tongmong, tnbkuwan tu6 ka Tuhunac Afrika.
Ccamac(動物)
smmalu patasKiya ka knkana rayung Transva, lqlic Afrika, lqlic Tuhunac Afrika, bhuway sinyo tuhunac, dapa dmay tukarac urung, miric nyeyncyaw, miric heypan, huling bbuyu, homa, kiya mi bbaraw waru rqnux Tuhunac Afrika uri mi ou bay punuh ccamac u malu qtan mniq kcka kwanmucong spriq. Kiya mi Tuhunac Afrika u niqan ou bay tukubeycu kluwan ccamac lmiqu, kcka u kiya ka knkana mniq nniqan Karoo uxay biyaw mpuka ka osagey Tuhunac Afrika.
Cyunrey(菌類)
smmalu patasDhuq kngkawas 1945, Tuhunac Afrika u wada hmrinas 4,900 kluwan bntasan ka cncyun (kiya ka knkana wada mnLukus Dxral na kluwan uri). Kngkawas 2006 cida, Tuhunac Afrika u ya bay niqan 20 knbkiyan cncyun (ini spuwi ka mnsdan mudus kuwi niya); spuda snpuwan dha matas, knou cncyun Tuhunac Afrika u rmabang knou qqhuni mi pphpah.
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Qqhuni mi pphpah(植物)
smmalu patasQqhuni mi pphpah twoyangsing Tuhunac Afrika u kari bay mi mndungus balay, niqan hmrinas 22,000 kluwanan ini pntna kawtng qqhuni mi pphpah, kiya ka kana qnlangan knklan kluwanan qqhuni mi pphpah ya bay 9%. Qtan bay sngwu cyunrwo ka sspriq brnux, kcka hini pusu bay u niqan rcya king hohwan mi qhuni paycu.
Quri so pawyu(保育問題)
smmalu patasMniq cuxal 40 kngkawas, wada uka ka knbeyhing bay dxral cisi ida nkiya Tuhunac Afrika, pusu balay ka 19 th cida scuqi hbaraw ka sediq, mrana ka alang mkbrnux mi kmuruc qhuni lmiqu. Kiya uri u niqan ou bay ka kluwanan pneyyah qnlhangan icil (Mray so qhuni qalux cing, maingta kiya mi phpah tukarac ing) quri so tndxral sngwu twoyangsing u wada knbeyhing bay snrdingan niya.
Cng-c mi Cng-fu(政治與政府)
smmalu patasPusu tyawmu: Seyhu Tuhunac Afrika, seyji Tuhunac Afrika, horicu Tuhunac Afrika mi biyax sediq Thunac Afrika.
Pnsliyan Seyhu(政府結構)
smmalu patasTuhunac Afrika ka Gikay Konghkwo, binaw tuhuy quri so konghkwo niyi u ini pntna, soto ka qnlhangan weynso mi pusu tunux mpdudul seyhu uri. Diyax iyax qpahun soto u 5 kngkawas, malu mn2 mangal qpahun soto. Soto u malu dmurun phiyu huku soto mi knkingal bu bbucyo, kiya mi bucyo mi knkingal dnudul niya pumn ka muda pssli Neyko. Kokomin Gikay u malu muda ini snhiyi tongyi muda tanho soto mi neyko. Singcng, phiyu waya mi suhwa u to bay sqlhangan mdakar keyngpo kana, nasi smliq waya keyngpo, sangci hoing u niqan biyax hmtur singcng cikwan mi ndan gikay.
Horicu(法律)
smmalu patasSoweto u pskoraw kngkawas 2012 tumal na sediq u kangyi smquri ptuluk qridin tongsingryeynco. Tuhunac Afrika u niqan mdhu bay qmlahang waya biyax sediq, binaw ida niqan duma cyunti ka thqilan dha mita. Tuhunac Afrika ka Afrika tu1 smruwa tongsing msturung niya qnlhangan.
“Keyngpo Tuhunac Afrika” ka Tuhunac Afrika tubaraw bay horicu, waya niyi ka nniqan konghkwo pndungus lxanan horicu, pwaya biyax mi qpahun kongmin, kiya mi muda mku psanak ddaun seyhu.
Pnluban waycyaw(外交關係)
smmalu patasKngkawas 1948 dhuq kngkawas 1990 jiday prading, bhuway seyhu Tuhunac Afrika u muda pnwaya psanak minjoku, so kiya wada danan hmtur mi sthiyaq balay syakay qnlangan. Cida, wada balay so tnqliyan murux nanaq ka hnyuwan niya qnlangan, wana duma dxral qnlhangan tudaya bhuway seduq cngcweyn ka niqan pnluban dha.
Kngkawas 1998 idas 1 diyax 1, Tuhunac Afrika u wada pstuq pnluban waycyaw Cyoka Minkoku, kiya mi mndungus bay phiyu pnluban waycyaw Cyoka Jnmin Konghkwo, kiya ka thiti bay tuhuy Cyoka Monkoku pstuq waycyaw na pusu pangcyaw qnlhangan. Ana so kiya,Tuhunac Afrika u ida mniq Taiwan phiyu dayhyocu, kiya ka ini khbaraw tuhuy Cyoka Minkoku pwaluk malu pnluban uxay seyhu wacyaw pnluban na qnlhangan Afrika uri.
Singcng cyuhwa(行政區劃)
smmalu patas| Pnsuwan dxral Pnsltudan 傳統地域劃分 | Hangan 名稱 | Kari Tuhunac Afrika南非語 | Sohu首府 | Knhbrawan hiyi sediq (Kngkawas 2016)人口（2016年） | Knbeyhing dxral (km2)面積（平方公里/km2） | 2 Ci Cngcyu二級政區 | Tuhaw圖號 | |
| Transva Sng 川斯瓦省 | Gauteng Sng豪登省 | Gauteng | Johannesburg 約翰尼斯堡 | 13,399,724 | 18,178 | 5Cyu
5區 |
7 | |
| Natal Sng納塔爾省 | Kwa Zulu-Natal Sng夸祖魯-納塔爾省 | KwaZulu-Natal | Pietermaritzburg彼得馬里茨堡 | Limpopo Sng 林波波省 | Limpopo | Polokwane波羅克瓦尼 | 5,799,090 | 125,754 | 5Cyu
5區 |
9 | |||
| Kaap Sng 開普省 | Tunarac Kaap Sng東開普省 | Oos-Kaap | Peso比索 | 6,996,976 | 168,966 | Mpumalanga Sng 普馬蘭加省 | Mpumalanga | Mbombela姆邦貝拉 | 4,335,964 | 76,495 | 3Cyu
3區 |
8 | |
| Tuiwil Kaap Sng 西開普省 | Wes-Kaap | Cape Town開普敦 | 6,279,730 | 129,462 | Tuiwil Daya Sng西北省 | Noordwes | Mahikeng梅富根 | 3,748,435 | 104,882 | 4Cyu
4區 |
6 | ||
| Tudaya Kaap Sng 北開普省 | Noord-Kaap | Kimberley金伯利 | 1,193,780 | 372,889 | 5Cyu
5區 |
2 | |||||||
| Orange Mtrawah Pang Sng奧蘭治自由邦省 | Mtrawah Pang Sng 自由邦省 | Vrystaat | Bloemfontein.布隆泉 | 2,834,714 | 129,825 | 5Cyu
5區 |
5 | ||||||
Cing-ci(經濟)
smmalu patasPusu tyawmu: Keyjay Tuhunac Afrika.
smmalu patasTuhunac Afrika u muda prrimax keyjay, kiya ka psnul Nigeria na tu2 keyjayti Afrika, binaw balay bay pa quri so smnalu dha lxanan u knmalu balay pnkrana niya. Pspun pnsung qnlhangan icil, Tuhunac Afrika jncyun kcka qnlhangan sngcan mawo u tubaraw bay uri, binaw knbeyhing bay snthyaqan uri ka sediq snblayaq mi sediq mqraqil. Ana so wada mnhdu ka pnwaya pnsanak minjoku, binaw Tuhunac Afrika saya u ida snturung tubaraw bay mqrinuc ryu mi uka qpahun ryu.
Quri Keyjay dha. (經濟結構)
smmalu patasIni pntna qnlangan kayhwacong qnlhangan mi hbaraw bay qnlhangan Afrika ka Tuhunac Afrika, ini so kkrana ka uxay so mndungus bay keyjay ka Tuhunac Afrika.Kngkawas 1994, burah seyhu Tuhunac Afrika u mbiyax bay phlih tonghwo pongcang, sndhu kongkong caycng, kiya mi mhuc duma waycu, binaw knkrana keyjay u ida ini pndungus. Kndadax kngkawas 2004 prading, wada ptura bay mrana ka keyjay niya Tuhunac Afrika, kiya uri pa Tuhunac Afrika u kuxul balay yahan sdhmaun rmiwaw. Knkana nngalan dha pila u mabang ou bay ka pneyyah qqpahan rmiwaw, so kawas ka Tuhunac Afrika knrana ryu GDP ka 5.1%, kngkawas 2006 daw 5.0%.
Tuhunac Afrika pa mnkcka baraw nngalan niya Kayhwacong Qnlhangan, kiya ka duma qnlhangan Afrika, pusu balay kwoci mawyi tumudaci dha pa Doicu, Amirika, Cyoka Jnmin Konghkwo, Nihong, Ingkoku mi Spain. Pnwaya dha ddiyun pila ka pila Tuhunac Afrika.
Kngkawas 2013 idas 8, “fDi Cacu” u spuda Tuhunac Afrika mkbiyax keyjay, nniqan lnlingay mpqpah, ssliqun mi nngalan, lxanan smmlun, ddangi pluban qmpah mi waysang msdyrux tocu, kiya ka wada dha srngaw mndungus bay qnlhangan Afrika ka Tuhunac Afrika. Cinjong pawmi cusu u wada ptbkuwan knkana qnlangan tu50 knanjey bay qdriqan jeyking tnlangan baraw.
Tu1 qqpahan pnyahan(第一產業)
smmalu patasMniq 18 th cida, Tuhunac Afrika u wada madas kluwanan Mirino na miric rudu ubal, kiya ka prading knou bay hnranan dha ubal miric. 20 th brah cida, keyjay Tuhunac Afrika u mnsntama balay qqpahan tmabu tnbuwan ka pusu balay han, pusu balay ka tmabu miric. Ubal miric cukocu Tuhunac Afrika u tu2, tnhiti quri king kwang. Alaw rngedi cucu ka miyah smliq, ini kou ka tmabu dapa, kiya uri u, pusu balay pnyahan nasi ro uri ka Tuhunac Afrika.
Tu2 qqpahan pnyahan(第二產業)
smmalu patasQqpahan xxiluy ka rulu, kikay uri mchdil kongyey na lxanan niya.
Mchdil kongyey Tuhunac Afrika ka smmalu kikay, tunux kisya, kikay nojyo, asu kiya mi ssalu rulu ka pusu niya.
Tuhunac Afrika ka murux bay Afrika sntama biyax honeng phdeyngki na qnlhangan, wa mniq CapeTown phiyu Afrika Talu murux bay hotyeyncan.
Tu3 qqpahan pnyahan(第三產業)
smmalu patasMniq quri qqpahan pnyahan, kndadax 1990 kngkawas pnrdingan, pusu balay dndulan mrana keyjay Tuhunac Afrika ka tu3 qqpahan pnyahan, tukubeycu niya u kiya ka qqpahan ginghang, qqpahan cingjong, qqpahan rrmiwaw mi qqpahan ppanan skoki, smquri so GDP u niqan knbeyhing bay qnepah niya, kcka na u, qqpahan huwu ka pusu tu3 qqpahan pnyahan Tuhunac Afrika, kiya ka knkana hmrinas Tuhunac Afrika GDP 67%.
Lxanan smluwan mi ppanan sediq mi qqiya(基建與交通)
smmalu patasMniq Tuhunac Afrika pa, ppanan sediq mi qqiya u kiya ka ddaun planun balay muda kiya, kiya ka muda pkrana MyCiTi niya pusu uri. MyCiTi ka 1 basu cyeyyun sitong, spuda smruwa mi ptrawah knslxan bay ppanan sitong miyah dmayaw uuda ppanan rulu Cape Town.
Mniq kngkawas 2014, knkana qnlhangan Tuhunac Afrika knkingal sediq pnpanan skoki u hmrinas mn3,500 knbkiyan hiyi sediq, tnbkuwan mtbiyax bay ppanan skoki u Oliver Tambo Kwoci Ppanan Skoki, Cape Town Kwoci Ppanan Skoki, King Shaka Kwoci Ppanan Skoki, Elizabeth Trduwan Asu Ppanan Skoki mi Tuhnranan Didaw London Ppanan Skoki.
Biyax rawtong sucang. (勞動力市場)
smmalu patasTuhunac Afrika na Dmayaw Qalux Sediq Cngco mi Mdhu Bay Muda Cngco u wada pkrana keyjay qnbliqan qalux sediq, kiya mi niqan ka kcka tnbarah qalux sediq congcan cyeyci uri. Kiya u knkana biyax dnuwi qnlhangan mi pddayak, quri so pnwaya mdakar rawkong u kiya ka wada krinah mrana ka uuda uka qpahun.
Snburah Koyeyn. (創新科研)
smmalu patasDuma pusu balay koswey mi cisu pkrana u snpeyyah Tuhunac Afrika kana: Kngkawas 1967 idas 12 diyax 3, spuda Grotschul byoing sinjyo wayko ising Christiaan Banard pa wada pndungus bay muda knkana qnlangan muwaya balay Muda Pkuruc Thdil Sinjyo; Max Theiler ka snmalu 1 Iyu Mdakar Mcayis Mitilux Narux; Allan Macleod Cormack ka snmalu X Seseyng Smpuci Twancng Sawmyaw; Aaron Klug ka snmalu Cintiswey Tyeyncu Syeynweycing cisu. Wana Banard ising ka uka, kana hangan baraw niyi pa mnangal Snadu Nobel kana, kiya ka wada pkrana knou bay mnangal Snadu Nobel na qnlhangan Afrika. Kngkawas 2002, Sydney Brenner pa alaw mniq quri so snmalu qpahun huncu sngwuswey kiya ka wada mangal Snadu Nobel.
Pndungus qsiya mi weysng(供水與衛生)
smmalu patasTuhunac Afrika Quri Qsiya Pumn na 2 ptura tukubeycu ka mtrawah lxanan dmuwi qsiya cngco mi uri Qsiya Yingkay ka pniqan dha. Kngkawas 2014 idas 5, Delban u alaw ‘Pyeynksing mi Pawjongsing Hoho’ wada mangal Snadu Stockholm Kongyey Qsiya, kiya ka splawa dha ‘Knkana Qnlangan Knklaman Bay Kongyong Qqpahan Uri’ ka pumn niyi, kiya ka muwaya bay pquri sediq mqrinuc pndungus ini angal pila ddiyun lxanan qsiya niya Cucu Su.
Jen-ko(人口)
smmalu patasPusu tyawmu: Knhbrawan hiyi sediq Tuhunac Afrika.
smmalu patasKnhbrawan mi Bnkuwan(數量與結構)
smmalu patas| Kngkawas Ndan Smpu Knhbrawan Hiyi Sediq Tuhunac Afrika. 歷年南非人口普查 | ||
| Kngkawas年份 | Knhbrawan hiyi kana sediq總人口 | ±% |
| 1904 | 5,175,824 | — |
| 1911 | 5,973,394 | +15.4% |
| 1921 | 6,928,580 | +16.0% |
| 1936 | 9,598,898 | +38.5% |
| 1951 | 12,671,452 | +32.0% |
| 1960 | 16,002,797 | +26.3% |
| 1970 | 21,794,328 | +36.2% |
| 1980 | 25,016,525 | +14.8% |
| 1991 | 30,986,920 | +23.9% |
| 1996 | 40,583,573 | +31.0% |
| 2001 | 44,819,778 | +10.4% |
| 2011 | 51,770,560 | +15.5% |
| 1. Kngkawas 1904 dhuq kngkawas 1991 Kiya ka knkana knhbrawan hiyi sediq Walvisbaai. 1904年-1991年間包括華維斯灣的人口
2. Kngkawas 1980 dhuq kngkawas 1991 Ini dani smpu ka knhbrawan hiyi sediq Bantustan. 1980年-1991年不包括班圖斯坦的人口 Pnyahan: Tuhunac Afrika Tongcucyu. 來源：南非統計局 | ||
| Pnpuwan Minjoku Tuhunac Afrika (Kngkawas 2020) 南非種族組成（2020年） | ||
| Kluwanan Minjoku 種族 | Percentage百分率 | |
| Sediq Bantu (Qalux sediq) 班圖人（黑人） | 80.8% | |
| Niqan rakaw sediq有色人 | 8.8% | |
| Bhuway sediq 白人 | 7.8% | |
| Llutuc Asia亞裔 | 2.6% | |
Tuhunac Afrika ka 1 niqan ya bay 5,962 knbkiyan (Kngkawas 2020) snpeyyah ini pntna pnyahan, bungka, kari mi snlhayan snhiyan knhbrawan hiyi sediq na qnlhangan. Kndadax qnhduwan pnwaya psanak minjoku ka Tuhunac Afrika daw, duma bhuway sediq pa kndudul mlatac Tuhunac Afrika, kngkawas 1980 daw wada mlih dhuq 16%.
Kari(語言)
smmalu patas
2016年社區調查、世界城市化前景：2018年修訂版 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 排名 | 城市名稱 | 省 | 人口 | ||||||
| 約翰尼斯堡
|
1 | 約翰尼斯堡 | 豪登省 | 9,167,045 | 德爾班
| ||||
| 2 | 開普敦 | 西開普省 | 4,004,793 | ||||||
| 3 | 德爾班 | 夸祖魯-納塔爾省 | 3,661,911 | ||||||
| 4 | 普勒托利亞 | 豪登省 | 2,437,000 | ||||||
| 5 | 伊莉莎白港 | 東開普省 | 1,263,051 | ||||||
| 6 | 弗里尼欣 | 豪登省 | 957,528 | ||||||
| 7 | 索肖古維 | 豪登省 | 841,000 | ||||||
| 8 | 東倫敦 | 東開普省 | 810,528 | ||||||
| 9 | 布隆泉 | 自由邦省 | 759,693 | ||||||
| 10 | 彼得馬里茨堡 | 林波波省 | 679,766 | ||||||
Tuhunac Afrika u niqan 11 kluwanan kari ddiyun seyhu. Spuda kngkawas 2011 snpuwan knhbrawan hiyi sediq, srngaw dha balay tu1 kari ka kari Zulu (22.7%), sprun bay snrnu pa kari Ingkoku u wana balay tnbkuwan tu4, binaw kari Ingkoku ka pusu balay kari srngaw dha quri mniq seyji, mniq mbbari mi cwanmey.
Knou balay bhuway sediq Tuhunac Afrika u rmngaw kari O Co, kiya ka kari Budoya, kari Doicu mi kari Hellas, niqan duma llutuc Asia sediq Tuhunac Afrika u rmngaw kari Asia uri. Quri so mniq Tuhunac Afrika na Afrika France Cweyn Qnlhangan sediq tnhdilan pa rmngaw kari Afrika France kiya.
Alang Mkbrnux(城市)
smmalu patasIni knbaka ka nniqan sapah mi ini ttuku kalxanan smnalu ka dxral nniqan alang mkbrnux pusu niya uuda uri. So kiya, alang mkbrnux ssiyaw dxral nniqan tukubeycu niya ka uxay mndungus bay smnalu ssapah, mray so beywi, nniqan mqrinuc sediq uri. Nniqan hbaraw qalux sediq na Alang Mkbrnux Hwa cincng mniq 21 th pnrdingan lmutuc, smatang knhbrawan sediq nongcwen u musa mlih 5% dhuq 10%.
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· 論 · 編 Tnbkuwan knbeyhing alang mkbrnux Tuhunac Afrika. 南非最大城市排名 Kngkawas 2016 socyu tyawca, smatang qnlangan alang mkbrnux hwa: Snbrahan pan kngkawas 2018. 2016年社區調查、世界城市化前景：2018年修訂版 | |||||||||
| Tnbkuwan排名 | Hanga alang mkbrnux 城市名稱 | Sng省 | Knhbrawan hiyi sediq 人口 | ||||||
| Johannesburg約翰尼斯堡
Cape Town開普敦 |
1 | Johannesburg 約翰尼斯堡 | Howden Sng 豪登省 | 9,167,045 | Delban 德爾班
Pretoria 普勒托利亞 |
||||
| 2 | Cape Town 開普敦 | Tuiwil Cape Town西開普省 | 4,004,793 | ||||||
| 3 | Delban 德爾班 | Kwa Zulu-Natal夸祖魯-納塔爾省 | 3,661,911 | ||||||
| 4 | Pretoria 普勒托利亞 | Howden Sng 豪登省 | 2,437,000 | ||||||
| 5 | Elizabeth Ppanan Asu
伊莉莎白港 |
Tunarac Cape Town 東開普省 | 1,263,051 | ||||||
| 6 | Vereeniging弗里尼欣 | Howden Sng 豪登省 | 957,528 | ||||||
| 7 | Soshanguve索肖古維 | Howden Sng 豪登省 | 841,000 | ||||||
| 8 | Tunarac London 東倫敦 | Tunarac Cape Town 東開普省 | 810,528 | ||||||
| 9 | Bloemfontein布隆泉 | Mtrawah Pang Sng 自由邦省 | 759,693 | ||||||
| 10 | Pietermaritzburg 彼得馬里茨堡 | Limpopo Sng林波波省 | 679,766 | ||||||
Snlhayan s(宗教)
smmalu patas| Snlhayan snhiyan pnsuwan Tuhunac Afrika (Kngkawas 2020) 南非宗教分布（2010年） | ||
| Snlhayan snhiyan 宗教 | Paseynto百分率 | |
| Burah Kiristo kyo新教 | 73.2% | |
| Uka snlhayan無宗教 | 14.9% | |
| Teyns kyo天主教 | 7.4% | |
| Islam kyo 伊斯蘭教 | 1.7% | |
| Idia kyo印度教 | 1.1% | |
| Snhiyan icil 其他信仰 | 1.7% | |
Spuda kngkawas 2001 snpuwan knhbrawan Tuhunac Afrika, snlhayan Kiristo kyo ka knhbrawan hoyi sediq 79% Tuhunac Afrika, kcka niya u to bay snluhay Burah Kiristo kyo, ini khbaraw ka Teyns kyo mi duma kyokay.
Bungka(文化)
smmalu patas
Pusu tyawmu: Bungka Tuhunac Afrika.
Tuhunac Afrika qalux sediq pa to bay mpqpah pnwalang ka hbaraw bay, kiya mi ida wisu msmay bay mniq kcka mqrinuc alang mpqpah pnwalang, binaw nniqan dha hiya u kiya ka hmuruc mndungus bay pnsltudan bungka Tuhunac Afrika. Binaw, wada hbaraw bay qalux sediq u prading Alang Mkbrnux Hwa mi Tumuqi Hidaw Hwa, pnsltudan bungka niyi u wisu kndudul uka. Tuhunac Afrika Tongcyun ka Tuhunac Afrika muwaya bay pnquri knkana qnlhangan kana kluwan joku mbbiyax mi rudan sediq ptrawah 1 pssliyan mbbiyax uri.
Yisu(藝術)
smmalu patasTuhunac Afrika na yisupin pa kiya ka knkanna duma kncka qnlangan kncbiyaw bayyisupin, mniq brah kongweyn 10000 kngkawas, miyah thdil Tuhunac Afrika ka Sediq Khoi San u prading ndhiya nanaq tukubeycu bungka mi yisu- Juga Qnabil Bling Btasil.
Meyti mi ryosing bungka. (媒體與流行文化)
smmalu patasTuhunac Afrika u niqan knbeyhing bay qqpahun cwanmey, kiya ka Afrika pusu balay cwanmey congsin uri. Pusu balay srngaw dha kari ka kari Ingkoku.
Mmahan mu uuqan
smmalu patasDamac mi mmahan mi uuqan bungka Tuhunac Afrika u to bay quri hiyi ka lxanan, sediq tndxral u splawa dha ‘Braai (Dungus niya nduhan hiyi uxay daw muduh). Saya, kiya uri u Tuhunac Afrika saya u wada mkrana dhuq pusu balay pnyahan sinaw lipas qnlhangan uri, kiya mi niqan balay hnhangan knkana qnlangan.
Tiyu(體育)
smmalu patasWa mbiyax Kngkawas 2007 Qnlhangan Pey Pnsung Boru Kandang daw, Miric Storing Tuy u tumal basu mraka rmiwaw.
Kuxul balay mi sdhmaun balay tiyu undo Tuhunac Afrika ka mtur boru, boru kandang mi pancyo.
Mnuda cupan mi wada mbiyax Ici bang Kngkawas 1995 Qnlangan Pey Pnsung Boru Kandang, kiya mi mniq France mbiyax Kngkawas 2007 Qnlangan Pey Pnsung Boru Kandang. So kawas u wada cupan Qnlhangan Afrika Pey, kiya mi qnlhangan tuy u wada mbiyax Dungan.
Tuhunac Afrika mniq pnsung beyhing kwoci undokay dha na tnbkuwan:
· Rbawan Olympic Undokay: 26King 31Ging 29Dong 86 ka snadu ( Tuhunac Afrika tu2, qnlangan tu32).
· Misan Olympic Undokay: 0King 0Ging 0Dong 0 ka snadu ( Uka hnhangan).
· Qnlangan Undokay: 6King 11Ging 18Dong 35 ka snadu ( Tuhunac Afrika tu2, qnlangan tu35.
· Rbawan Tubeyhing Undokay: 27King 21Ging 28Dong 76 ka snadu ( Tuhunac Afrika tu1, qnlangan tu27).
· Misan Tubeyhing Undokay: 0King 0Ging 0Dong 0 ka snadu ( Uka hnhangan).
· Qnlangan Upo Undokay: 2King 1Ging 8Dong 11 ka snadu ( Tuhunac Afrika tu2, qnlangan tu26).
· Rbawan Mbbiyax Olympic Undokay: 6King 5Ging 4Dong 15 ka snadu ( Tuhunac Afrika tu4, qnlangan tu27).
· Misan Mbbiyax Olympic Undokay: 0King 0Ging 0Dong 0 ka snadu ( Uka hnhangan).
Pnskraya Qnlhangan(國家象徵)
smmalu patas
Diyax smsung sngayan節日
smmalu patasTuburah balay smsung sngayan mi diyax kineyng knkana qnlhanga Tuhunac Afrika
ka trahuc niyi: 最新的南非全國年節及紀念日假期如下：
smmalu patas| Diyax日期 | Hangan smsung sngayan mi diyax kineyng 年節及紀念日名稱 | Kngkawas pnsdhuwan制定年份 | Nmalan kari註釋 |
| Idas 1 diyax 1 1月1日 | Diyax Smsung Burah Kngkawas元旦 | Kngkawas 1910 1910年 | Tui diyax burah kngkawas 新的一年的第一日。 |
| Idas 3 diyax 21 3月21日 | Diyax Biyax Sediq Qnlangan 國際人權日 | Kngkawas 1990 1990年 | |
| － | Diyax Kineyng Qlqilan Yesu 耶穌受難節 | Kngkawas 1910 1910年 | Brah smsung tntuyan hnqilan Yesu tu5 diyax iyax sngayan. 復活節前的星期五。 |
| － | Diyax Tnsapah 家庭日 | Kngkawas 1980 1980年 | Babaw tntuyan hnqilan Yesu na tu1 diyax iyax sngayan. 復活節後的星期一。 |
| Idas 4 diyax 27 4月27日 | Diyax mtrawah 自由日 | Kngkawas 1994 1994年 | Kineyng Tuhunac Afrika kngkawas 1994 muwaya bay muda mincu seyngkyo. 紀念南非1994年首次民主選舉。 |
| Idas 5 diyax 1 5月1日 | Smsung Rawtong Qnlhangan 國際勞動節 | Kngkawas 1995 1995年 | |
| Idas 6 diyax 16 6月16日 | Diyax Smsung Mbbiyax青年節 | Kngkawas 1995 1995年 | Diyax kngkawas 1976 Soweto knciyuk. 1976年索維托起義的日子。 |
| Idas 8 diyax 9 8月9日 | Diyax Smsung Qridin全國婦女節 | Kngkawas 1995 1995年 | |
| Idas 9 diyax 24 9月24日 | Diyax Jaysang Hniti遺產日 | Kngkawas 1995 1995年 | |
| Idas 12 diyax 16 12月16日 | Diyax Mddahur 和解日 | Kngkawas 1995 1995年 | Pusu balay pkdudul Tuhunac Afrika minjoku mddahur mi pskingal lnglungan. 旨在促進南非的種族和解與團結。 |
| Idas 12 diyax 25 12月25日 | Diyax Smsung Mqaras Pntingan Yesu.聖誕節 | Kngkawas 1910 1910年 | Diyax Smsung Mqaras Pntingan Yesu.耶穌誕生日。 |
| Idas 12 diyax 26 12月26日 | Diyax Sngsdwang聖斯德望日 | Kngkawas 1910 1910年 | Babaw diyax Smsung Mqaras Pntingan Yesu tu2 diyax. 聖誕節後的第二日。 |
Kyoiku(教育)
smmalu patasPusu tyawmu: Kyoiku Tuhunac Afrika.
Tuhunac Afrika pa alaw mnqnlhangan Ingkoku, kiya ka mniq lxanan kyoiku ka Ingsu Kyoiku, kiya mi ririh sa mntna balay Ingkoku. Alaw Tuhunac Afrika u mnmuda pnwaya psanak minjoku cngco, cuxal balay ka qalux sediq pa uka brahan mangal biyax muda kyoiku, pyasan tubeyhing u to bay bhuway sediq kana ka pnhiyu niya, dhuq malax pnwaya psanak minjoku daw, qalux sediq u hana niqan pnsdkanan biyax muda kyoiku.
Pqita narux weysng.(醫療衛生)
smmalu patasPusu tyawmu: Pqita narux weysng mi Pqita narux qmlahang hiyi.
Spuda bnatas smpu Tuhunac Afrika Pnluban Minjoku Keykyoso, kngkawas 2009 bhuway sediq yuci knudus ka 71 kngkawas, kiya miqalux sediq ka 48 kngkawas. Wana 16% sediq Tuhunac Afrika ka ndwanan qmlahang Keykaku Pqita Narux, quri so msngari kana sediq daw kasi ka dmuwi pila dha nanaq uxay daw spuda byoing dmuwi pila keykaku muway. Tuhunac Afrika ka nniqan qnlangan tu3 knbeyhing byoing Chris Hani Baragwanath Byoing.
Ssediq (人類免疫缺乏病毒／愛滋病)
smmalu patasTuhunac Afrika ka knkana qnlangan knou bay sediq runan Narux Aycu na qnlhangan. Spuda pnkla kari UN Narux Aycu Ryeynho Kuyhwasu, Tuhunac Afrika pa ya bay niqan 700 knbkiyan hiyi sediq runan Narux Aycu. Uuda Narux Aycu Tuhunac Afrika u hidoyi balay, mniq kngkawas 2013 cida u ya bay niqan 560 knbkiyan hiyi sediq (Hmrinas knkana hiyi sediq 10% Tuhunac Afrika) wada runan Narux Aycu.
Brah soto Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki mi ngalan weysng bucyo ka Manto Tshabalala-Msimang ka bsiyaq balay hmtur kari uuda quri monday Tuhunac Afrika Narux Aycu, dhiya u mdhu bay kari dha pusu hnqilan dha u alaw ini pndungus eyyo mi mqrinuc ka kiya. Mniq babaw kngkawas 2009 tubeyhing seyngkyo daw, seyhu u prading pkrana pila pkrbangan nniqan muda pkmalu naru aycu. Dhuq kngkawas 2015 cida, seyhu u pndungus mhnuk thiyi iyu, kiya ka wada kndadax 52.1 kngkawas ka yuci knudus pkranan dhuq 62.5 kngkawas.
Pnyahan pnatas(參考資料）
smmalu patas- CIA
- 外交部
- List of current heads of state and government
- Tnhjil kari seejiq Watan Diro(瓦旦 吉洛) mtabug.
- https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/南非（參考自中文維基百科）