Suriname
Suriname（蘇利南）
smmalu patas
Gaga kska Kska- Hunac Meycow ka Suriname, 4 00 N, 56 00 W ka gaga na nniqan. Kana ka knlbangan na o 163,820 sq km（hangan na o Tg92） (knlbanga dxgal o 156,000 sq km, knlbangan qsiya o 7,820 sq km). Kana ka sejiqun o niqan 585,824 hiyi. Gaga Paramaribo ka pusu alang paru, jiyax 25 idas 11 ka jiyax skrayan klwaan. Manu ka dxgal Suriname ga wada sugan 0.50% ka dxgal qpahan, 94.60% ka dxgal bbuyu, rahuq dxgal do niqan 4.90% na.
Bukung klwaan ta sayang o kiya ka Dési Bouterse, pnaah hngkawas2010 idas 8 jiyax 12pnrajing kmlawa klwaan.
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cinkhulan sa knita’ sa brbiru’
Surinan (蘇利南)
smmalu patasSurinan konghokwo(kari Horan: Republiek Suriname), Surinan kesun daha klaali(kari Horan: Suriname), hnlidan kari Telu cbeyo we Sinnan, alang ga meniq daya na Nanmeco, Tasiyan ka quri daya na, Pasi ka hunac na, quri hhreyan na hido we Hwasu-Kweyana, quri ggqiyan na hido we Kayyana, Nanmeco kwocya renmong ka dheya duri. Hosu-Kweyana na ngayan na cbeyo ka alang nii, cuming yici na Horan so Nanmeco, knkawas 1954 de cucu-sung na Horan ga meniq bukuy rcilung, knkawas 1975 ka turi di. Surinan nii we, ani naq dheran daha, ani naq hei seediq daha we, tgbiciq ba quri alang Nanmeco, quri mddeka quri ggqiyan hido ticyo nii, uxe alang pnsliyan Horan wangkwo nii we, wano alang nii ka ngalan daha kwan-hwang ka kari Horan quri Nanmeco hiya. sang-kang nSurinan nii ka rhengun yayung Surinan ga tunux alang daha Paramaripo hiya. Surinan nii we, klegan seediq, kari, ma sniyan daha we eguw ba kklegan daha, seediq Musuring we niqan 13% ga meniq hiya, dheya ka tgueguw ba quri alang Meyco.
Ri-su (歷史)
smmalu patasDungus spatis: risu na Surinan.
smmalu patasSiyen-cen 3,000 knkawas ciida de, tena ga niqan seediq ka quri Surinan nii di, yecuming ka mneniq hini we, ming-cu mdooda tmabu miric ka seediq Arawako ma, sbukuy na ming-cu meyah hini ka seediq ptaapa asu kesun daha Cyaropi. Mingcu daha nii, niqan ka pu-cu tikuh ka ga meniq bbuyu truma duri. betaq ba knkawas 1650 ciida de, prading meyah hii ka tgberah ba kingal qpuruh Oco-jen──ciida we dndulan na Papito congtu Weropi cesu(Lord Willoughby) ka Ingko yiming, plaale meyah cu-ming Surinan hini. Ini qbsiyaq, cuming-ti nIngkwo nii we, yahan kmremux Horan cuming putwe dnulan Yaporahan‧Koransung(Abraham Crijnsen), pncbuwan nii de, betaq ba knkawas 1667 ka mndaha mccebu Ingko daka Horan(kndalax knkawas 1665 betaq knkawas 1667) di we, wada mpprengo ciida ma. pteetu Pureta-tyawye ka Ingko daka Horan, mangal yawsay cumingti na Manhatun kesun sin-Amusutotang(kika Nyoye-su saya) ka Horan pryuxan na Surinan nIngko, ma, pryuxan na ngayan mesa Hosu-Kaynaya.
Cung-cu (政治)
smmalu patasSpooda sin-senfa ka prading dooyun daha knkawas 1987 idas 10: congtong ge tunux alang, tunux cunghu, cong-suring na supi ma, cusi na kwo’u-weyen. Dmoi cungcen, moda senci, rima knkawas ka tloongan daha. Pucang hweyi(neko) we, tgbaro ba singcung cikwan, cunghu daha we niqan congtong, hu-congtong ma, neko pucang, hu-congtong congri. Qbahang na congtong ka heya. Kwo’u-weyehwe ka dmudul ooda alang, qmlahang cunghu moda qqpahan bniqan kwoming-yihwe. Yiyen-cu ka kwoming-yihwe, tgbaro ba mdoi beyax, niqan psmalu hwari. Yihwe we qmeepah ddaun senci congtong, hu-congtong ma smmalu hwari.
Ti-ri (地理)
smmalu patasPatis dheran nSurinan.
smmalu patasDdeheran (地形)
smmalu patasTeru ka psnakan na dheran, kndalax daya mquri hunac we, dheran llebu ka kssiyo rcing paru rcruco na ma, breenux na, hini si nniqun seediq ma, ga hini ka tunux alang daha duri; cyoring-ti dheran ckceka na, quri ka Mtaayus daka Pasi we kawyen.
Cyoring-ti ma kawyen llbu hari kana dheran na, dheran kssiyo Tasiyang we rcruco ma llebu, bbaro hari ka mqquri hunac na, hunac na de kawyen di.
Gaya (Wun-hwa) (文化)
smmalu patasKmlutuc naq eguw cuming risu nHoran, eguw ba kklegan ka wunhwa nSurinan.
smmalu patasCucin-piri nSurinan (蘇利南族群比例)
smmalu patas| Payfunpi
百分比 |
Cucin
族群 | |
|---|---|---|
| 27.4% | ka | pneyah Hweco |
| 21.7% | ka | Koriawar-jen |
| 15.7% | ka | Cawa-jen |
| 14% | ka | seediq mtgimax dara daha |
| 13.4% | ka | Hwa-jen |
| 7.3% | ka | Yecuming |
| 3.8% | ka | we 10.7% Horan |
| 1% | ka | duma |
2012 ka congcyaw na Surinan (2012年蘇利南宗教)
smmalu patas| Cong-cyaw
宗教 |
Payfunpi
百分比 | |
|---|---|---|
| Citu-cyaw | we | 48.4% |
| Intu-cyaw | we | 22.3% |
| Hwe-cyaw | we | 13.9% |
| Duma | we | 4.7% |
| Uka snhiyan | we | 10.7% |
Sing-cung ci-hwa (行政區劃)
smmalu patasDungus spatis: singcung hwaci na Surinan.
smmalu patas10 pntyusan nniqan(Districten) kana alang nSurinan, kingal we suci. Singcung cihwa nSurinan saya we, psnakan knkawas1980 ka mhiti ba pnsnakan daha. Kika:
| 10 pntyusan nniqan | |
|---|---|
| 布羅科蓬多區 | Nniqan Purokopongto |
| 科默韋訥區 | Nniqan Komowena |
| 科羅尼區 | Nniqan Koroni |
| 馬羅韋納區 | Nniqan Marowena |
| 尼克里區 | Nniqan Nikori |
| 帕拉區 | Nniqan Para |
| 巴拉馬利波區 | Nniqan Paramaripo |
| 薩拉馬卡區 | Nniqan Saramaka |
| 西帕利維尼區 | Nniqan Sipariweni |
| 瓦尼卡區 | Nniqan Wanika |
Cyaw-tong (交通)
smmalu patasDunguas spatis: Cyaw-tong nSurinan.
smmalu patasRu-ru (陸路)
smmalu patasKongru: Ani naq cumingti nHoran ka Surinan ini turi han we, ppgeriq daha rulu moda elu we ini ba pntena, moda narac ka Horan ma, moda iril ka Surinan. Ani kesun cumingti nHoran ka Surinan nii qtaan risu na we, qnlhangan Ingko duri, qlhangan Ingko ciida we moda quri iril ka rulu, huwa pryuxi nHoran duri we rriqu daha ssneeru, kika saya de knduwa naq moda quri iril ka rulu daha.
Rulu puniq (鐵路)
smmalu patas225km ka elu rulu puniq na Surinan saya, qyqeya ka hqulun na.
Swe-ru (水路)
smmalu patasHokang cungsu ka Paramaripo ga tgnunac na yayung Surinan, hini ka tunux alang daha ma, tgparu ba alang daha pngerah, moda hini kana bale ka qyqeya daha.
Duma so yayung Maroni, Kprantayin we, malu paan qyqeya duri.
Kong-yun (空運)
smmalu patasPnhyegan knkawas 1955 ka Surinan hangkong, hang-kong kong-su nSurinan. Cong-pu na we ga meniq tunux alang daha Paramaripo, Yehan Ataw’u Uukoar(Johan Adolf Pengel) ka pusu na. ado ka ini riyung pgrawiq ka riyo-ye na, kika ini pgduwa bale ka kongyun na nana, kwoci hang-ten na saya we, alang daling siyo na Kuraso(Curaçao), Cyawcutun(Georgetown), Arupa(Aruba) ma, May-ami nDame, ma, Amusutotan nHoran dnii.
Way-cyaw (外交)
smmalu patasDungua spatis: Way-cyaw nSurinan.
smmalu patasPnugluban na daka Horan(與荷蘭的關係)
smmalu patasPnugluban na daka kwoci-cucu(與國際組織的關係)
smmalu patasKnkawas 1975 idas 12 ka mosa tuumal Renhokwo ka Surinan, kiya duri we, saya we hweyen-kwo na Cyaropi kongtong-ti, kay-hwa ing-hang na Cyaropi, kwo-cya ren-mong na Nanweyco, Isuran-hweyi-cucu ma Meyco kay-hwa ing-hang ka dheya duri.
Prngagan uyuayus dheran (邊界糾紛)
smmalu patasGa suupu Kaynaya ka tgdaya na yayung Korantay-in dheran sin-sancyawco, maha 1700km² sngari ka knglhangan na, ga pgeeluk pptaayus daha.
Duma ayus rcilung daha ka Kaynaya we, niqan gaga ha spgeeluk, knkawas 2007 idas 9 ali 20, ga daha spooda daha Renhokwo hayyang-hwa kongye paha kari, paha kari ka kwoci hayyang-hwating we, pooda ckceka ka ayus namu rcilung mesa hii.
Cing-ci (經濟)
smmalu patasGa slbiyan ritu kwangye ka cingci nSurinan, hmrinas 15% ka GDP na pneeyah hini, hmrinas 70% ka nngalan na cu-ko. Duma cu-ko can-pin na we niqan paye, blebun, ma bolung. Hndure hari de, ga prading kmari su-yo na ma, hwang-cin na. maha sepac psnakan kingal ka qmeepah nong-ye ka seediq na. Tkdakar riyung maw-yi daha ka cingci nSurinan nii.
Kndalax knkawas mpmisan 1996 dmoi cung-cen ka Wetun-Posu cunghu de, lixan na ka noda cunghu berah ka cingci-ceko tawcung-cihwa, ini ptbale seediq so mqrinuc mesa. Ado ka wada meelih ka swe-cong dnoi daha ma, wada naqah ka sin-swecong na bgurah, kika wada meelih ka swe-so ma cunghu. Dehuk mhiti knkawas 1997, wada naqah ka pnugluban na Surinan cunghu daka Horan, hteran na ka pila sin-Horan hwacan-cicin. Smnegul kbbreih ka kwangcan-te, cecu-ye ma kongkong suye-pumun, knkawas 1999 de, wada meelih ka cingci cungcang daha. Sgcuqi eguw ka snliqan cunghu, tikuh ba ka sweso na, eguw bale ka kongkong hu’u na, ma, knkawas 1999 duri we uka riyung ka dnyagan laalang icil, kika ini baka ka pila cunghu, spegun we yaani pdehuk 11% na GDP daha. Kika cunghu daha de, pkuegu pnyahan pila ssbale na cay-cung yiswan, mumal pkpre bbrigan ma, tonghwo pungcang di.
GDP（sntagan spepu knkawas 2006）：211 wan meyyen
GDP（2006年預計）：211百萬美元
Bale ba knrana GDP we（sntagan spepu knkawas 2006）：5.8%
實際GDP年度增長為（2006年預計）: 5.8％
GDP na knkingal seediq（sntagan spepu knkawas 2006）：4,000 meyyen
人均GDP（2006年預計）：4,000美元
Tong-ho pong-cang na（sntagan spepu knkawas 2006）：5.6%
通貨膨脹（2006年）：5.6％
Tenjan cuyen (天然資源)
smmalu patasRitu-kwang, hwang-cin, suyo, tekwang ma, duma so kwang-can, bbuyu, qsiya.
Nong-ye (農業)
smmalu patasPaye, blebun, syand-cyaw, hei qhuni so kan-ci.
Jen-ko (Hei seediq) (人口)
smmalu patasHei seediq nSurinan we 557,469(snpegan knkawas 2017), tnlbuwan eguw klegan ming-cu, Seediq Intu ga mangal ngayan Horan ka hbaro ba, maha 37%. Dheya we, ltlutuc nIntu ka peeyah 19 suci de ngalan quri nHoran. Seediq pneeyah daya Intu ksuays na daka Nipoar ma, quri daya na Pehwang-pang. Cawwa-jen(ltlutuc na qnuri Horan ka tong-Intu Cawwa-taw), dehuk 15% ka hei seediq daha(uxe beyo 90,000 hei ka seediq daha).
He-nu knduriq Surinan(he-nu lmiqu kesun daha duri, kika ltlutuc na quli qnduriq Sefe), 10% ka seediq ndheya ma, rima cu-cyucin: eediq Aucan、seediq Kwinti、seediq Matawai、seediq Saramaccanma, seediq Paramaccan.
Seediq Marong nSurinan we, seediq mqalux ka pneeyah ckceka Hweco ma, ggqiyan Hweco, niqan naq gaya daha ma patis daha, he-nu ka qnduriq qnlhangan Sipanya ma, ltlutuc daha, wada mosa Hosu-Surunan ka duma, turi ka Surinan de, dheya ka mgrahur bale. Yencuming Meyco we maha 3%, niqan seediq Akuriyo、seediq Carib/Kaliña、seediq Tríoma, seediq Wayana.
Kihilang(hwajen), 19 suci siida we, pneeyah Kwang-tong nCongkwo ka Hwe-yang, Tongwan ma Paw’an(Suncyun-su saya), ltlutuc na quli pqeepah ka dheya, saya de hmrinas 10.000 jen, Kwang-yitang we tgparu ba hwa-cyaw-cucu Surinan hiya. Puar-jen(pneeyah kari kesun “boer”, dungus kari Horan di we, “nong-hu mesa”), 19 su-ci ka ltlutuc snong-hu tnheruy na Horan, eguw bale ka wada mlatac bobo tu-ri ka Surinan. Totay-jen, kana Sayfa Totay-jen ma, Asukunnacu Totay-jen.
Alang Surinan nii we, uka ka cong-cyaw niqan beyax dmudul. Citu-cyzw, kana Roma Tencu-cyaw ma sin-cyaw, pusu snhiyan Koriawar-jen daka he-nu meyah qduriq Surinan hini. Seediq Intu ka ga mangal ngayan Horan we, snhei naq Intu-cyaw ka dheya, ckceka na we, ani si niqan tikuh ka ga snhei Isuran-cyaw ma Citu-cyaw duri. Seediq Cawwa we shei Isuran-cyaw ma Citu-cyaw. Musuring ka 20 % seediq Surinan, dheya we tghbaro ba alang niqan Musuring si-pancyo. Netun ini rngagi ka snhiyan daha we, seediq ga tnlibu Surinan nii we, mntena ba alang siyo na ka Kayyana, ani si uka seediq lutuc Ingni ka dheya.
Kana hari seediq nSurinan nii we, ga meniq tunux alang daha Paramaripo ma ssiyo dheran rcilung. Kiya duri we, eguw ba seediq Surinan ga meniq Horam. Knkawas 2005 ciida, maha 328,300 ka seediq Suriana ga meniq Horan, maha ba 2% seediq nHoran.
Kana cu-cyucin daha nii we, so nii klegan daha:
| Klegan
種類 |
Payfun-pi
百分比 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Seediq mgqalux hari
(hun-se, Intu-jen na Horan ma, Cawwa-jen) |
na | 49.5% | |
| He-jen
(ne-nu meyah qduriq Surinan, ltlutuc nSurinan ma duma He-jen) |
na | 35.6% | |
| Hwang-cong-jen (Hwa-jen) | na | 2% | |
| Pay-jen (Oco-jen, Congtong daka Yotay-jen) | na | 2% | |
| Hong-cong-jen (yencuming Meyco / Surinan yecuming) | na | 11% | |
Kana klegan seediq nii we, ini pntena rako na ga spkraya kwo-ci daha cbeyo.
Kari (語言)
smmalu patasEguw klegan ka kari ga dooyan Surinan. Kingal ba kari Horan ka kwan-hwang yiyen daha, dooyun kana sapah pyasan, cunghu, mgbbari ma mey-ti. Knkawas 2004 de tgteru alang Horanyi-renmong ka Surinan. Kari Horan nii we, ngalan daha tnkari seediq Surinan, tg2 uxe de tg3 kari ddooyan duma seediq hiya. Seediq ga meniq alang daha tunux ka Paramaripo, teru pnsnakan daha ka dmoi kari Horan, wano ba seediq ga meniq so drderiq ma llmiqu we, ini riyung doi kari Horan. Kari ka Surinan Tangcay-yi we, kari na seediq tndheran ka Surinan Koriawar- jen, sptena na kari Horan ka mpriyux dmoi pnsliyan niqan oda, 2% ka Hwa-jen ga Surinan. Niqan naq cu-cu daha kesun Kwang-yitang ka Hwa-jen, ma congwun-paw.